Cladode development for Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) under current and doubled CO2 concentrations

Morphological and anatomical changes for first-order daughter cladodes (flattened stem segments) of a prickly pear cactus. Opuntia ficus-indica, were monitored to determine the effects of a doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration on their development and mature form. For daughter cladodes developing i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of botany 1995-02, Vol.82 (2), p.159
Main Authors: North, G.B. (University of California, Los Angeles, CA.), Moore, T.L, Nobel, P.S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ANATOMIA DE LA PLANTA
ANATOMIE VEGETALE
Atmosphere
Botany
Cactus
Carbon dioxide
CICLO CAM
DIOXIDO DE CARBONO
DIOXYDE DE CARBONE
ECHANGE GAZEUX
EFECTO INVERNADERO
EFFET DE SERRE
ESTOMA
ETAPAS DE DESARROLLO
ETAPAS DE DESARROLLO DE LA PLANTA
FOTOSINTESIS
INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO
INTERCAMBIO DE GASES
OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA
PHOTOSYNTHESE
STADE DE DEVELOPPEMENT
STADE DE DEVELOPPEMENT VEGETAL
STOMATE
TALLO
TAUX DE CROISSANCE
TIGE
VOIE DU METABOLISME CAM
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Summary:Morphological and anatomical changes for first-order daughter cladodes (flattened stem segments) of a prickly pear cactus. Opuntia ficus-indica, were monitored to determine the effects of a doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration on their development and mature form. For daughter cladodes developing in controlled environment chambers for 60 d, maximal elongation rates were similar under a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 6 mol m-2 d-1 and a CO2 concentration of 370 microliter-1, an increased PPFD (10 mol m 2 d-1), and an increased PPFD and a doubled CO2 concentration. These maximal rates, however, occurred at 20, 15, and 12 d, respectively. The maximal relative growth rate under the doubled CO2 concentration was about twice that under the other conditions. For cladodes at 60 d as well as after 4 and 16 mo in open-top chambers, doubling the CO2 concentration had no effect on final length or width. At 4 mo, cladodes under doubled CO2 were 27% thicker, perhaps allowing the earlier production of second-order daughter cladodes. The chlorenchyma was then 31% thicker and composed of longer cells. At 16 mo, the difference in cladode thickness diminished, but the chlorenchyma remained thicker under doubled CO2, which may contribute to greater net CO2 uptake for O. ficus-indica under elevated CO2 concentrations. Two other persistent differences were a 20% lower stomatal frequency and a 30% thicker cuticle with more epicuticular wax for cladodes under doubled CO2, both of which may help reduce transpirational water loss
ISSN:0002-9122
1537-2197
DOI:10.2307/2445524