Alveolar macrophage functions during the transition phase to active immunity in calves 1

The first 3 to 6 mo of the life of calves is the period during which active immunity is established. During this period, greater morbidity and mortality is caused by bronchopneumonia because of the immaturity of the pulmonary immune system or the exaggerated cytotoxic response at subsequent infectio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of animal science 2018-09, Vol.96 (9), p.3738-3747
Main Authors: Bertagnon, Heloisa G, Batista, Camila F, Santos, Kamila R, Gomes, Renata C, Bellinazzi, Jessyca B, Libera, Alice Maria M P Della
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Alveoli
Bronchopneumonia
Calves
Cattle
CD14 antigen
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Gene expression
Immune response
Immune response (humoral)
Immune system
Immunity
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulins
Interleukin 10
Interleukin 12
Lungs
Lymphocytes T
Macrophages
Metabolism
Morbidity
Oxidative metabolism
Phagocytosis
Phase transitions
Reactive oxygen species
Tumor necrosis factor
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Summary:The first 3 to 6 mo of the life of calves is the period during which active immunity is established. During this period, greater morbidity and mortality is caused by bronchopneumonia because of the immaturity of the pulmonary immune system or the exaggerated cytotoxic response at subsequent infection. The aim of this study was to examine the maturity of the immune system during this phase of activation of acquired immunity in calves. For this purpose, the functions of phagocytosis and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) of alveolar macrophages CD14+ were evaluated. Further, the classes of immunoglobulins and the cytokines implicated in lymphocyte response patterns Th1 and Th2 in 10 healthy Holstein calves were quantified. Samples were taken from calves every 15 d, from the third to the sixth month of life. The alveolar macrophage CD14+ functions increased progressively until 150 d of age (phagocytosis, P = 0.02, ROS, P = 0.05), IgG1 and IgG2 isotype secretion reached an equilibrium, and the cytokine profiles were compatible with the Th1 response. At 165 d of age, there was a decrease in cellular function (phagocytosis P = 0.02, ROS P = 0.04) and an increase in IgG1 titers (P = 0.005) and IL-10 mRNA expression (P = 0.09). At 180 d of life, we observed an IgG1 and IgG2 secretion balance, a decrease in IL-10 mRNA expression, and an increase in IL-12 mRNA (P = 0.04) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-... mRNA expressions (P = 0.0003) and alveolar macrophage oxidative metabolism were observed. These results indicate that the calves had an active immune response that was distinctive for the age group. The CD14+ response is more reactive at 150 d. A regulatory and/or humoral response begins at 165 d of life as the equilibrium of Th1 and Th2 profiles is reached at 180 d of life. This may be clinically relevant for the development of specific therapies and prophylactic measures for bronchopneumonia in calves at 135 to 180 d of life.
ISSN:0021-8812
1525-3163
DOI:10.1093/jas/sky261