GALT carcinoma: three case reports with glycoprotein 2 immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic observations

Aims Gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) carcinoma is a rare colorectal tumour that arises in the epithelium covering GALT. GALT carcinoma is a differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with dense lymphoid tissue with a characteristically well‐demarcated margin. To date, 26 cases of GALT carcinoma, in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Histopathology 2018-09, Vol.73 (3), p.521-528
Main Authors: Hayashi, Hiroko, Ohtani, Masashi, Sada, Yuki, Iwasaki, Keisuke, Shimokawa, Isao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma - pathology
Adenocarcinoma - ultrastructure
Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis
Case reports
colon
Colorectal carcinoma
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Colorectal Neoplasms - ultrastructure
Electron microscopy
Epithelium
Female
glycoprotein
Glycoproteins
Gut-associated lymphoid tissues
gut‐associated lymphoid tissue
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
Intestinal Mucosa - ultrastructure
Lymphoid tissue
M cell
M cells
Male
Metastases
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Tumors
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Summary:Aims Gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) carcinoma is a rare colorectal tumour that arises in the epithelium covering GALT. GALT carcinoma is a differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with dense lymphoid tissue with a characteristically well‐demarcated margin. To date, 26 cases of GALT carcinoma, including the three cases discussed here, have been reported. Most (24 of 26) were discovered at early stages and none of the cases have documented any metastases. This suggests that GALT carcinoma may have a favourable prognosis. It is hypothesised that GALT carcinoma originates from M cells in specialised epithelia covering GALT. However, this hypothesis has yet to be confirmed. Methods and results In this study, we examined three cases of GALT carcinoma by immunohistochemistry detection of glycoprotein 2, a specific marker for M cells, and electron microscopy. Our findings showed that the tumour cells of GALT carcinoma in all three cases were negative for M cells. We thus concluded that GALT carcinoma may be a tubular adenocarcinoma arising by chance in the GALT. This unique carcinoma is a diferentiated adenocarcinoma that grows slowly with the development of GALT. Conclusions We propose that GALT carcinoma should be classified separately because of its histological setting and good prognosis.
ISSN:0309-0167
1365-2559
DOI:10.1111/his.13639