Mesenchymal stem cells derived from inflamed gingival tissue for in vivo bone tissue engineering: preliminary results

Oral cavity has been investigated for several provided stem cells "niches": among them, gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) represent an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) since their features make them ideal for bone tissue engineering (1). Indeed, compared to bone ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annali di stomatologia 2017-01, Vol.8, p.45-45
Main Authors: Cristaldi, M, Mauceri, R, Seidita, F, Muzio, L Lo, Campisi, G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkaline phosphatase
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Bone growth
Bone marrow
Cbfa-1 protein
Differentiation (biology)
Gene expression
Genes
Gingiva
Histochemical analysis
Immunogenicity
In vivo methods and tests
Inflammation
Mesenchymal stem cells
Mesenchyme
Oral cavity
Osteocalcin
Osteopontin
Periodontics
Phase separation
Polylactic acid
Scaffolds
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Teeth
Tips
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Oral cavity has been investigated for several provided stem cells "niches": among them, gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) represent an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) since their features make them ideal for bone tissue engineering (1). Indeed, compared to bone marrow-MSCs, GMSCs are easier to be harvested and showed better performances in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation abilities (2, 3). Our aim was to analyze the ability of GMSCs harvested from periodontally compromised teeth to regenerate bone tissue in vivo. GMSCs were harvested from periodontally compromised (Test group) and healthy gingival tissues (Control group) and grown according to the methodology described in our previous study (3). After proliferation, 2x10Л5 GMSCs of both groups were seeded on a Poly-L-lactic Acid (PLLA) scaffold with 5-20 |om micropores, produced by Thermally Induced Phase Separation technique (TIPS), in presence or not of osteogenic differentiation factors. Then scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal region of 2 immuno-compromised rats (2 scaffolds for each rat), following procedures approved by the Italian Minister of Health (No.1185/2015). After 8 weeks from the transplant, the animals were sacrificed, the tissue samples harvested and immuno-histochemical and RT-qPCR analysis of canonical osteogenic genes were performed to evaluate the rate of bone tissue neo-formation. The results of immune-histochemical analysis show neo-formation of bone tissue in both groups, with no difference. Moreover, there is a high level of inflamed cells, probably related to the synthetic scaffolds applied, certainly more versatile but also more immunogenic, compared to the natural ones. Finally, it does not seem that the osteogenic factors had any influence on the differentiation rate of GMSCs. RT-qPCR analysis shows the increased expression of canonical osteogenic genes (e.g. RUNX2, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin and Alkaline Phosphatase) in all samples analyzed. Interestingly, a much higher expression level of the osteogenic genes was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group, suggesting a possible role of inflamed environment on improving the osteogenic differentiation ability of stem cells. Even if preliminary, these observations demonstrated that GMSCs from periodontally compromised teeth, usually discarded tissues, may represent a valuable stem cell source for bone tissue engineering.
ISSN:1824-0852
1971-1441