Dosimetric characteristics of PASSAG as a new polymer gel dosimeter with negligible toxicity

Despite many advantages of polymer gel dosimeters, their clinical use is only not realized now. Toxicity of polymer gel dosimeters can be considered as one of their main limitations for use in routine clinical applications. In the current study, a new polymer gel dosimeter is introduced with negligi...

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Published in:Radiation physics and chemistry (Oxford, England : 1993) England : 1993), 2018-06, Vol.147, p.91-100
Main Authors: Farhood, Bagher, Abtahi, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi, Geraily, Ghazale, Ghorbani, Mehdi, Mahdavi, Seied Rabi, Zahmatkesh, Mohammad Hasan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2-Acrylamido-2-Methy-l-PropaneSulfonic acid sodium salt
Acrylamide
Carcinogenicity
Carcinogens
Dependence
Dosimeters
Dosimetry
Gelatin
Monomers
MRI
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
PASSAG
Polymer gel dosimetery
Polymers
Radiation dosage
Scanning
Sensitivity analysis
Temperature
Toxicity
Toxicity testing
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Summary:Despite many advantages of polymer gel dosimeters, their clinical use is only not realized now. Toxicity of polymer gel dosimeters can be considered as one of their main limitations for use in routine clinical applications. In the current study, a new polymer gel dosimeter is introduced with negligible toxicity. For this purpose, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methy-1-PropaneSulfonic acid (AMPS) sodium salt monomer was replaced instead of acrylamide monomer used in PAGAT gel dosimeter by using %6 T and %50 C to the gel formula and the new formulation is called PASSAG (Poly AMPS Sodium Salt and Gelatin) polymer gel dosimeter. The irradiation of gel dosimeters was carried out using a Co-60 therapy machine. MRI technique was used to quantify the dose responses of the PASSAG gel dosimeter. Then, the MRI responses (R2) of the gel dosimeter was analyzed at different dose values, post-irradiation times, and scanning temperatures. The results showed that the new gel formulation has a negligible toxicity and it is also eco-friendly. In addition, carcinogenicity and genetic toxicity tests are negative for the monomer used in PASSAG. The radiological properties of PASSAG gel dosimeter showed that this substance can be considered as a soft tissue/water equivalent material. Furthermore, dosimetric evaluation of the new polymer gel dosimeter revealed an excellent linear R2-dose response in the evaluated dose range (0–15 Gy). The R2-dose sensitivity and dose resolution of PASSAG gel dosimeter were 0.081 s−1Gy−1 (in 0–15 Gy dose range) and 1 Gy (in 0–10 Gy dose range), respectively. Moreover, it was shown that the R2-dose sensitivity and dose resolution of the new gel dosimeter improves over time after irradiation. It was also found that the R2 response of the PASSAG gel dosimeter has less dependency to the 18, 20, and 24 °C scanning temperature in comparison to that of room temperature (22 °C). •A new polymer gel dosimeter is introduced with negligible toxicity.•To the best of our knowledge, PASSAG gel is the safest polymer gel dosimeter so far.•Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity tests are negative for the AMPS sodium salt monomer.•There is an excellent linear R2-dose response for PASSAG gel in 0–15 Gy dose range.
ISSN:0969-806X
1879-0895
DOI:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.010