Neurotoxicity versus Neuroprotection of Anesthetics: Young Children on the Ropes?

Normal brain development in young children depends on a balance between excitation and inhibition of neurons, and alterations to this balance may cause apoptosis. During the perioperative period, both surgical stimuli and anesthetics can induce neurotoxicity. This article attempts to expand the pers...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Paediatric drugs 2017-08, Vol.19 (4), p.271-275
Main Authors: Eizaga Rebollar, Ramón, García Palacios, María V., Morales Guerrero, Javier, Torres Morera, Luis M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Anesthesia
Anesthesiology
Animal cognition
Apoptosis
Brain
Cognitive development
Complications and side effects
Current Opinion
Development and progression
General anesthetics
Hernias
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurogenesis
Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity syndromes
Pediatric anesthesia
Pediatric research
Pediatrics
Pharmacotherapy
Prevention
Risk factors
Rodents
Studies
Surgery
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Description
Summary:Normal brain development in young children depends on a balance between excitation and inhibition of neurons, and alterations to this balance may cause apoptosis. During the perioperative period, both surgical stimuli and anesthetics can induce neurotoxicity. This article attempts to expand the perspective of a topical issue—anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity—by also considering the protective effect of general anesthetics against surgery-induced neurotoxicity, all of which may generate some controversy in the current literature. The “new” major factor influencing neurotoxicity—nociceptive stimulus—is discussed together with other factors to develop clinical and research strategies to obtain a balance between neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.
ISSN:1174-5878
1179-2019
DOI:10.1007/s40272-017-0230-8