Multianchored Glycoconjugate‐Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Tool for Selective Killing of Targeted Bacteria via Alternating Magnetic Fields

New technologies that do not rely on antibiotics are urgently needed to treat bacterial infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Herein, the feasibility of using alternating magnetic field (AMF) to selectively kill enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain K99 (EC K99) in the presence of mul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2017-07, Vol.27 (26), p.n/a
Main Authors: Raval, Yash S., Fellows, Benjamin D., Murbach, Jamie, Cordeau, Yves, Mefford, Olin Thompson, Tzeng, Tzuen‐Rong J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylic acid
Adenosine triphosphate
adhesin
Adhesion
alternating magnetic field
Antibiotics
Assaying
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Damage
Dopamine
E coli
Electron microscopy
Ethylene oxide
glycoconjugate
Magnetic fields
magnetic nanoparticles
Materials science
Nanoparticles
New technology
Pathogens
Staining
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Summary:New technologies that do not rely on antibiotics are urgently needed to treat bacterial infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Herein, the feasibility of using alternating magnetic field (AMF) to selectively kill enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain K99 (EC K99) in the presence of multianchored glycoconjugate‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles is explored. Poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(acrylic acid)‐dopamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (PEO‐MNPs) are synthesized and functionalized with bacteria‐specific glycoconjugate Neu5Ac(α2‐3)‐Gal‐(β1‐4)Glcβ‐sp (GM3‐MNPs) for specific adherence to EC K99. When such mixtures are exposed to an alternate magnetic field (31 kA m−1, 207 KHz), an ≈3‐log reduction in colony forming units of EC K99 is achieved in 120 min. Moreover, in a mixed‐bacterial culture environment, targeted killing of EC K99 is achieved with minimal damage to nontargeted bacterium. Electron microscopy images along with live/dead staining assays demonstrate visible membrane damage of EC K99 cells in the presence of GM3‐MNPs and AMF. Additionally, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels of EC K99 are significantly diminished in the presence of GM3‐MNPs and AMF. These results suggest that specific glycoconjugate‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles when mediated by AMF can be potentially used as a novel nonantibiotic treatment platform to inactivate/kill targeted bacterial pathogens, with minimal impact on normal microflora and the affected body region/tissue. Poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(acrylic acid)‐dopamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (PEO‐MNPs) are biofunctionalized with Neu5Ac(α2‐3)‐Gal‐(β1‐4)Glcβ‐sp (GM3) molecule via a click chemistry route to produce PEO‐MNPs functionalized with GM3 (GM3‐MNPs). GM3‐MNPs specifically interact with the Escherichia coli strain K99 (EC K99) and cause them to aggregate together. When such a nanoparticle–bacterial complex is exposed to alternating magnetic fields, ≈3‐log reduction in the colony forming unit of EC K99 is observed.
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201701473