UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN THE STUDY OF GRAND CHALLENGES: HOW NONPROFITS, INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS, AND THE COMMUNITY FABRIC INTERACT TO INFLUENCE INCOME INEQUALITY

This paper provides a conceptual model that explains how competitive and institutional dynamics at the community level influence the ability of welfare-oriented nonprofits to eradicate income inequality. To test our framework, we build a large and unique seven-year panel dataset consisting of data f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Academy of Management journal 2016-12, Vol.59 (6), p.1940-1964
Main Authors: BERRONE, PASCUAL, GELABERT, LILIANA, MASSA-SALUZZO, FEDERICA, ROUSSEAU, HORACIO E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Community
Community support
Competition
Conceptual models
Density
Income inequality
Law enforcement
Nonprofit management
Nonprofit organizations
Social policy
Welfare
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Summary:This paper provides a conceptual model that explains how competitive and institutional dynamics at the community level influence the ability of welfare-oriented nonprofits to eradicate income inequality. To test our framework, we build a large and unique seven-year panel dataset consisting of data from 245 U.S. communities. We find that increasing the number of welfare nonprofits is beneficial for reducing community inequality, but only up to a point, after which resource competition decreases their effectiveness. This competition for resources is also present when a high density of elite-oriented nonprofits operates in the same community. Hypotheses focused on the institutional dimension recive mixed support. As predicted, welfare nonprofits are more effective when they operate in communities with strong law enforcement capabilities and less effective in politically conservative local contexts. Contrary to our expectations, however, we find that welfare nonprofits are less effective in demographically heterogeneous local contexts and when the government provides effective social policies, thus indicating a possible substitution effect. Surprisingly, nonprofit effectiveness is increased in highly financialized local contexts. Together, our results indicate that issues of competition, institutional alignment, and community support in the context of grand challenges are more complex than originally thought.
ISSN:0001-4273
1948-0989
DOI:10.5465/amj.2015.0746