Reflux composition influences the level of NF-[kappa]B activation and upstream kinase preference in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) incidence is rising and prognosis is poor. Understanding the molecular basis of this malignancy is key to finding new prevention and treatment strategies. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the primary cause of OA, usually managed with acid suppression therapy. Howeve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of cancer 2015-02, Vol.136 (3), p.527
Main Authors: McAdam, E, Haboubi, HN, Griffiths, AP, Baxter, JN, Spencer-Harty, S, Davies, C, Jenkins, GJ
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Bile
Cancer
Chemotherapy
Esophagus
Gastroesophageal reflux
Medical research
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) incidence is rising and prognosis is poor. Understanding the molecular basis of this malignancy is key to finding new prevention and treatment strategies. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the primary cause of OA, usually managed with acid suppression therapy. However, this often does little to control carcinogenic bile acid reflux. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[kappa]B) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OA and its activity is associated with a poor response to chemotherapy, making it an attractive therapeutic target. We sought to decipher the role of different bile acids in NF-[kappa]B activation in oesophageal cell lines using short, physiologically relevant exposure times. The effect of an acidic or neutral extracellular pH was investigated concurrently, to mimic in vivo conditions associated with or without acid suppression. We found that some bile acids activated NF-[kappa]B to a greater extent when combined with acid, whereas others did so in its absence, at neutral pH. The precise composition of an individual's reflux, coupled with whether they are taking acid suppressants may therefore dictate the extent of NF-[kappa]B activation in the oesophagus, and hence the likelihood of histological progression and chemotherapy success. Regardless of pH, the kinase inhibitor of [kappa]B kinase was pivotal in mediating reflux induced NF-[kappa]B activation. Its importance was confirmed further as its increased activation was associated with histological progression in patient samples. We identified further kinases important in acid or bile induced NF-[kappa]B signalling in oesophageal cells, which may provide suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. What's New? Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the primary cause of esophageal adenocarcinoma. But the significance of esophageal exposure to bile acids and the inflammatory processes that lead to NF-[kappa]B activation and adenocarcinoma are not fully understood. The present study shows that reflux composition influences the severity of NF-[kappa]B signaling in esophageal cell lines. For some bile acids, the extent to which NF-[kappa]B is activated is associated with the presence or absence of acid. The findings imply that the precise composition of a person's reflux, together with whether the individual is taking acid suppressants, may dictate NF-[kappa]B activation in vivo.
ISSN:0020-7136
1097-0215
DOI:10.1002/ijc.29029