Concentrations of and application protocols for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels: Effects on pulp cell viability and whitening efficacy

Abstract Objectives To assess the whitening effectiveness and the trans-enamel/trans-dentinal toxicity of experimental tooth-bleaching protocols on pulp cells. Methods Enamel/dentine discs individually adapted to trans-well devices were placed on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) or human de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dentistry 2014-02, Vol.42 (2), p.185-198
Main Authors: Soares, Diana Gabriela, Basso, Fernanda Gonçalves, Hebling, Josimeri, de Souza Costa, Carlos Alberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cattle
Cell culture
Cell Culture Techniques
Cell Line
Cell Membrane - drug effects
Cell Shape - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Color
Culture Media
Cytotoxicity
Dental Enamel - drug effects
Dental pulp
Dental Pulp - cytology
Dental Pulp - drug effects
Dentin - drug effects
Dentistry
Diffusion
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Enamel
Humans
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide - administration & dosage
Hydrogen Peroxide - toxicity
Male
Mice
Molecular weight
Odontoblasts
Odontoblasts - drug effects
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Teeth
Time Factors
Tooth bleaching
Tooth Bleaching - standards
Tooth Bleaching Agents - administration & dosage
Tooth Bleaching Agents - toxicity
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Summary:Abstract Objectives To assess the whitening effectiveness and the trans-enamel/trans-dentinal toxicity of experimental tooth-bleaching protocols on pulp cells. Methods Enamel/dentine discs individually adapted to trans-well devices were placed on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) or human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). The following groups were formed: G1 – no treatment (control); G2 to G4 – 35% H2 O2 , 3 × 15, 1 × 15, and 1 × 5 min, respectively; and G5 to G7 – 17.5% H2 O2 , 3 × 15, 1 × 15, and 1 × 5 min, respectively. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated immediately after bleaching (T1) and 72 h thereafter (T2). Oxidative stress and cell membrane damage were also assessed (T1). The amount of H2 O2 in culture medium was quantified (Mann–Whitney; α = 5%) and colour change (Δ E ) of enamel was analysed after 3 sessions (Tukey's test; α = 5%). Results Cell viability reduction, H2 O2 diffusion, cell morphology alteration, oxidative stress, and cell membrane damage occurred in a concentration-/time-dependent fashion. The cell viability reduction was significant in all groups for HDPCs and only for G2, G3, and G5 in MDPC-23 cells compared with G1. Significant cell viability and morphology recovery were observed in all groups at T2, except for G2 in HDPCs. The highest Δ E value was found in G2. However, all groups presented significant Δ E increases compared with G1. Conclusion Shortening the contact time of a 35%-H2 O2 gel for 5 min, or reducing its concentration to 17.5% and applying it for 45, 15, or 5 min produce gradual tooth colour change associated with reduced trans-enamel and trans-dentinal cytotoxicity to pulp cells. Clinical significance The experimental protocols tested in the present study provided significant tooth-bleaching improvement associated with decreased toxicity to pulp cells, which may be an interesting alternative to be tested in clinical situations intended to reduce tooth sensitivity and pulp damage.
ISSN:0300-5712
1879-176X
DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2013.10.021