Immobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar

Soybean stover-derived biochar was used to immobilize lead (Pb) in military firing range soil at a mass application rate of 0 to 20 wt.% and a curing period of 7 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The mechanism re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2013-12, Vol.20 (12), p.8464-8471
Main Authors: Moon, Deok Hyun, Park, Jae-Woo, Chang, Yoon-Young, Ok, Yong Sik, Lee, Sang Soo, Ahmad, Mahtab, Koutsospyros, Agamemnon, Park, Jeong-Hun, Baek, Kitae
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Charcoal - chemistry
Contaminated Land
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological Assessment and Remediation Conference Series (CLEAR 2012) : Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessments
Ecotoxicology
Engineering
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental engineering
Environmental Health
Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods
Environmental science
Firing ranges
Heavy metals
Kinetics
Lead - chemistry
Lead content
Minerals - chemistry
Models, Chemical
Performance evaluation
Phosphates - chemistry
Raw materials
Scanning electron microscopy
Soil - chemistry
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - chemistry
Solids
Soybeans
Spectrum analysis
Studies
Toxicity
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Weapons
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Summary:Soybean stover-derived biochar was used to immobilize lead (Pb) in military firing range soil at a mass application rate of 0 to 20 wt.% and a curing period of 7 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The mechanism responsible for Pb immobilization in military firing range soil was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analyses. The treatment results showed that TCLP Pb leachability decreased with increasing biochar content. A reduction of over 90 % in Pb leachability was achieved upon treatment with 20 wt.% soybean stover-derived biochar. SEM-EDX, elemental dot mapping and XAFS results in conjunction with TCLP leachability revealed that effective Pb immobilization was probably associated with the pozzolanic reaction products, chloropyromorphite and Pb-phosphate. The results of this study demonstrated that soybean stover-derived biochar was effective in immobilizing Pb in contaminated firing range soil.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-013-1964-7