Antioxidative responses and morpho-anatomical adaptations to waterlogging in Sesbania virgata

Sesbania virgata (Leguminosae) is tolerant of long periods of soil inundation. However, its morphological adaptations to anoxia and its response to possible damage from oxidative stress are still unknown. Here, we provide new information that helps to explain the ability of S. virgata plants to grow...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trees (Berlin, West) West), 2013-06, Vol.27 (3), p.717-728
Main Authors: Alves, José D, Zanandrea, Ilisandra, Deuner, Sidnei, de F. P. Goulart, Patrícia, de Souza, Kamila R. D, de O. Santos, Meline
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adventitious roots
Agriculture
Anoxia
ascorbate peroxidase
ascorbic acid
Biomedical and Life Sciences
cortex
flooded conditions
Forestry
glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate)
glutathione-disulfide reductase
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen production
leaves
Life Sciences
Original Paper
Oxidative stress
Plant Anatomy/Development
Plant Pathology
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Roots
Sesbania
soil
Soil surfaces
Soils
stems
Submergence
superoxide dismutase
Waterlogging
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Summary:Sesbania virgata (Leguminosae) is tolerant of long periods of soil inundation. However, its morphological adaptations to anoxia and its response to possible damage from oxidative stress are still unknown. Here, we provide new information that helps to explain the ability of S. virgata plants to grow in flooded environments. Plants containing six expanded leaves were placed in masonry tanks and were subjected to the following conditions: control (well watered), soil waterlogging (water to the setup level of 1 cm above the soil surface—roots and parts of the stems flooded), and complete submergence (whole plant flooded). Plants exposed to flooding (soil waterlogging and complete submergence) significantly increased their production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), indicating the extent of oxidative injury posed by stress conditions. We demonstrate that plants exposed to flooding develop an efficient scavenger of ROS (generated during stress) in the roots through the coordinated action of nonenzymatic ascorbic acid (Asc) and dehydroascorbate (DHA) as well as the enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) that are present in the tissues. Moreover, we observed the development of morpho-anatomical structures such as adventitious roots, lenticels, and cracks in the stem of plants under soil waterlogging. The secondary root of plants under soil waterlogging showed a thinner cortex and larger number of elements of small diameter vessels. Numerous aerenchymas were observed in the newly formed in the adventitious roots. We conclude that these antioxidative responses and morpho-anatomical adaptations in the roots are part of a suite of adaptations that allow S. virgata plants to survive long periods of flooding, notably under waterlogged conditions.
ISSN:0931-1890
1432-2285
DOI:10.1007/s00468-012-0827-z