Relationship between age at menarche and metabolic diseases in Korean postmenopausal women: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. Early menarche may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of menarche age and the risk of diabet...

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Published in:PloS one 2023-01, Vol.18 (1), p.e0280929-e0280929
Main Authors: Jung, Hyein, Sung, Yeon-Ah, Hong, Young Sun, Song, Do Kyeong, Hong, So-Hyeon, Lee, Hyejin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Age groups
Alcohol
Alcohol use
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood pressure
Body mass
Body mass index
Body size
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - complications
Care and treatment
Child
Cholesterol
Complications and side effects
Confidence intervals
Demographic aspects
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology
Disease
Education
Fasting
Female
Glucose
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Health aspects
Health risks
Health surveys
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Hypertension
Measurement
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine, Experimental
Menarche
Menarche - physiology
Menopause
Menstruation
Metabolic diseases
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Middle Aged
Morbidity
Mortality
Nutrition
Nutrition Surveys
Post-menopause
Postmenopausal women
Postmenopause
Prevention
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
Republic of Korea - epidemiology
Risk
Risk Factors
Socioeconomic factors
South Korea
Statistical analysis
Statistical significance
Surveys
Type 2 diabetes
Womens health
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Summary:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. Early menarche may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of menarche age and the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women. We analyzed 4,933 postmenopausal women (mean age: 64.7 years) using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2016-2018. Subjects were divided into three groups according to menarche age (early menarche: ≤ 12 years (n = 451), reference: 13-16 years (n = 3,421), and late menarche: ≥ 17 years (n = 1,061)). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Women with an early menarche age were younger, more educated, and had higher income than the other groups (p-value < 0.001). There were no differences in body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol levels among the three groups. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, early menarche age was significantly associated with the risk of diabetes (OR 1.435, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.069-1.928). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in all subjects was 41.1%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the OR of metabolic syndrome in the early menarche group was 1.213 (95% CI: 0.971-1.515). The risk of diabetes was 1.43 times higher in postmenopausal Korean women with early menarche. Although the risk of metabolic syndrome was not statistically significant, it showed a tendency to increase in the early menarche group. Our results suggest that age at menarche may be helpful in diabetes risk stratification and early interventions for postmenopausal women.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0280929