Patterns and drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the kelp forests of southern Patagonia

The kelp forests of southern Patagonia have a large diversity of habitats, with remote islands, archipelagos, peninsulas, gulfs, channels, and fjords, which are comprised of a mixture of species with temperate and sub-Antarctic distributions, creating a unique ecosystem that is among the least impac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2023-01, Vol.18 (1), p.e0279200
Main Authors: Friedlander, Alan M, Ballesteros, Enric, Caselle, Jennifer E, Hüne, Mathias, Adler, Alyssa M, Sala, Enric
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abundance
Algae
Antarctica
Anthropogenic factors
Archipelagoes
Argentina
Automobile drivers
Benthos (Aquatic organisms)
Biology and Life Sciences
Chile
Climate change
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Environmental aspects
Environmental conditions
Fisheries
Fjords
Forests
Forests and forestry
Glacier melting
Global temperature changes
Gulfs
Habitats
Human influences
Kelp
Kelp bed ecology
Kelp beds
Macroinvertebrates
Marine invertebrates
Mexico
Natural resources
Nutrients
Pacific Ocean
Peninsulas
Physical Sciences
Salinity
Salinity effects
Shorelines
South America
Taxa
Turbidity
Underwater
Varieties
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Summary:The kelp forests of southern Patagonia have a large diversity of habitats, with remote islands, archipelagos, peninsulas, gulfs, channels, and fjords, which are comprised of a mixture of species with temperate and sub-Antarctic distributions, creating a unique ecosystem that is among the least impacted on Earth. We investigated the distribution, diversity, and abundance of marine macroinvertebrate assemblages from the kelp forests of southern Patagonia over a large spatial scale and examined the environmental drivers contributing to the observed patterns in assemblage composition. We analyzed data from 120 quantitative underwater transects (25 x 2 m) conducted within kelp forests in the southern Patagonian fjords in the Kawésqar National Reserve (KNR), the remote Cape Horn (CH) and Diego Ramírez (DR) archipelagos of southern Chile, and the Mitre Peninsula (MP) and Isla de los Estados (IE) in the southern tip of Argentina. We observed rich assemblages of macroinvertebrates among these kelp forests, with a total of 185 unique taxa from 10 phyla and 23 classes/infraorders across the five regions. The number of taxa per transect was highest at IE, followed by MP, CH, and KNR, with the lowest number recorded at DR. The trophic structure of the macroinvertebrate assemblages was explained mostly by wave exposure (28% of the variation), followed by salinity (12%) and the KNR region (11%). KNR was most distinct from the other regions with a greater abundance of deposit feeders, likely driven by low salinity along with high turbidity and nutrients from terrigenous sources and glacial melt. Our study provides the first broad-scale description of the benthic assemblages associated with kelp forests in this vast and little-studied region and helps to establish baselines for an area that is currently lightly influenced by local anthropogenic factors and less impacted by climate change compared with other kelp forests globally.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0279200