Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity

Atopic dermatitis (AD) primarily affects the pediatric population, which is highly colonized by S. aureus. However, little is known about the genetic features of this microorganism and other staphylococcal species that colonize AD patients. This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one 2022-11, Vol.17 (11), p.e0276960-e0276960
Main Authors:	Guimarães, Lorrayne Cardoso, Assunção, Maria Isabella de Menezes Macedo, de Oliveira, Tamara Lopes Rocha, Cavalcante, Fernanda Sampaio, Saintive, Simone, Abad, Eliane de Dios, Goudouris, Ekaterini Simoes, do Prado, Evandro Alves, Ferreira, Dennis de Carvalho, dos Santos, Kátia Regina Netto
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Antibiotics Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antimicrobial agents Atopic dermatitis Care and treatment Children Coagulase Colonization Dermatitis Dermatologic agents Dermatology Diagnosis Dosage and administration Drug resistance Drug resistance in microorganisms Electrophoresis Formulae, receipts, prescriptions Gel electrophoresis Genotypes Immune system Ionization Leukocidin Mannitol Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Methicillin Methods Microorganisms Multilocus sequence typing Pathogenesis Patients Pediatric dermatology Pediatrics Polymerase chain reaction Prevention Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Risk factors Skin Skin diseases Staphylococcal infections Staphylococcus infections Virulence
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Summary:	Atopic dermatitis (AD) primarily affects the pediatric population, which is highly colonized by S. aureus. However, little is known about the genetic features of this microorganism and other staphylococcal species that colonize AD patients. This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nares and skin (with and without lesion) of 30 AD and 12 non-AD Brazilian children. Skin and nasal swabs were cultured onto mannitol salt agar, and bacterial colonies were counted and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests. In S. aureus isolates, Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected by PCR, and their clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. S. aureus was more prevalent in the nares (P = 0.005) and lesional skin (P = 0.0002) of children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent in the skin of non-AD children (P < 0.0001). All children in the study, except one from each group, were colonized by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and 24% by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Despite the great clonal diversity of S. aureus (18 sequence types identified), most AD children (74.1%) were colonized by the same genotype in both niches. High colonization by polyclonal S. aureus isolates was found among children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent among non-AD children. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates highlights the importance of continued surveillance, especially when considering empiric antibiotic therapy for the treatment of skin infections in these patients.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203