Frailty does not cause all frail symptoms: United States Health and Retirement Study

Frailty is associated with major health outcomes. However, the relationships between frailty and frailty symptoms haven't been well studied. This study aims to show the associations between frailty and frailty symptoms. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is an ongoing longitudinal biannual s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2022-11, Vol.17 (11), p.e0272289
Main Authors: Chao, Yi-Sheng, Wu, Chao-Jung, Po, June Y. T, Huang, Shih-Yu, Wu, Hsing-Chien, Hsu, Hui-Ting, Cheng, Yen-Po, Lai, Yi-Chun, Chen, Wei-Chih
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bias
Body mass index
Correlation
Correlation coefficient
Correlation coefficients
Degeneration (Pathology)
Exercise
Frail elderly
Frailty
Health aspects
Mathematical models
Methods
Modelling
Mortality
Physiological aspects
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Ratios
Retirement
Variables
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Summary:Frailty is associated with major health outcomes. However, the relationships between frailty and frailty symptoms haven't been well studied. This study aims to show the associations between frailty and frailty symptoms. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is an ongoing longitudinal biannual survey in the United States. Three of the most used frailty diagnoses, defined by the Functional Domains Model, the Burden Model, and the Biologic Syndrome Model, were reproduced according to previous studies. The associations between frailty statuses and input symptoms were assessed using odds ratios and correlation coefficients. The sample sizes, mean ages, and frailty prevalence matched those reported in previous studies. Frailty statuses were weakly correlated with each other (coefficients = 0.19 to 0.38, p 0.05 for all). One to six symptoms defined by the other two models were not significantly correlated with each of the three frailty statuses (p > 0.05 for all). Frailty statuses were significantly correlated with their own bias variables (p < 0.05 for all). Frailty diagnoses lack significant correlations with some of their own frailty symptoms and some of the frailty symptoms defined by the other two models. This finding raises questions like whether the frailty symptoms lacking significant correlations with frailty statuses could be included to diagnose frailty and whether frailty exists and causes frailty symptoms.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0272289