Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacterium able to cause invasive pneumococcal diseases. Some studies have reported medicinal plants having antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial studies of medicinal plants against S. pneumoniae remains limited. Ther...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2022-09, Vol.17 (9), p.e0274174-e0274174
Main Authors: Tafroji, Wisnu, Margyaningsih, Nur Ita, Khoeri, Miftahuddin Majid, Paramaiswari, Wisiva Tofriska, Winarti, Yayah, Salsabila, Korrie, Putri, Hanifah Fajri Maharani, Siregar, Nurjati Chairani, Soebandrio, Amin, Safari, Dodi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Antibacterial activity
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Bactericidal activity
Biology and Life Sciences
Care and treatment
Cell culture
Cell membranes
Cell walls
Children
Chromatography
Complications and side effects
Culture
Developing countries
Diagnosis
Diseases
E coli
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Gene expression
Herbal medicine
Hexanes
LDCs
Liquid chromatography
Lysis
Medicinal plants
Medicine and Health Sciences
Minimum inhibitory concentration
n-Hexane
Patient outcomes
Penicillin
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
Physical Sciences
Plant extracts
Solvents
Spectrophotometers
Staphylococcus infections
Streptococcus infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Ultrastructure
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Summary:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacterium able to cause invasive pneumococcal diseases. Some studies have reported medicinal plants having antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial studies of medicinal plants against S. pneumoniae remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia against S. pneumoniae. Medicinal plants were extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water. Antibacterial activity was defined by inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bactericidal activity was measured by culture and time-killing measurement. Methods used to describe the mechanism of action of the strongest extract were done by absorbance at 595 nm, broth culture combined with 1% crystal violet, qRT-PCR targeting lytA, peZT and peZA, and transmission electron microscope to measure bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, LytA and peZAT gene expression, and ultrastructure changes respectively. Among 13 medicinal plants, L. inermis Linn. ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0,16 mg/ml. Bactericidal activity was observed at 0,16 mg/ml for 1 hour incubation. Lawsonia inermis extract showed some mechanism of actions including bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, and ultrastructure changes such as cell wall disruption, decreasing cell membrane integrity and morphological disorder. Increasing of lytA and decreasing of peZA and peZT expression were also observed after incubation with the extract. In addition, liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometer showed phenolic compounds as the commonest compound in L. inermis ethyl acetate extract. This study describes the strong antibacterial activity of L. inermis with various mechanism of action including ultrastructure changes.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0274174