Ginseng of different ages is affected by the accumulation of heavy metals in ginseng soil

Heavy-metal pollution has been established to affect ginseng quality. However, this effect is still unknown in ginseng of different ages, emphasizing the need to investigate the effects of heavy metals in soils on ginseng growth. Herein, we determined the content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2022-06, Vol.17 (6), p.e0269238
Main Authors: Yin, Juxin, Zhuang, Jianjian, Zhang, Xin, Xu, Chaojian, Lv, Shaowu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Biology and Life Sciences
Cadmium
China
Chinese medicine
Constraining
Copper
Correlation analysis
Earth Sciences
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Environmental Monitoring
Enzymes
Gas flow
Ginseng
Ginsenosides
Ginsenosides - analysis
Heavy metal content
Heavy metals
Influence
Lead
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mercury (metal)
Metal content
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Oxidative stress
Panax
Physical Sciences
Principal components analysis
Quality assessment
Quality control
Research and Analysis Methods
Risk Assessment
Sediment pollution
Soil
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil pollution
Soils
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Summary:Heavy-metal pollution has been established to affect ginseng quality. However, this effect is still unknown in ginseng of different ages, emphasizing the need to investigate the effects of heavy metals in soils on ginseng growth. Herein, we determined the content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As) in ginseng of different ages (2 to 6-year-old) and the corresponding soil samples. Then, the total ginsenosides content of ginseng and rate-limiting enzyme (HMGR, SQE, CYP450) activity in the synthesis of ginsenosides were assessed. Results from 200 differently-aged Chinese ginseng showed that increased ginsenoside content in 3 to 5-year-old ginseng was paralleled by increased heavy metal element content in ginseng and its soil. The activity of rate-limiting enzymes increased in the first four years of ginseng growth and then exhibited a steady or downward trend. Further analysis suggested that heavy metal elements in soils could directly affect ginsenoside content. Moreover, we found that Cu significantly affected the rate-limiting enzyme CYP450 activity. Further principal component analysis and correlation analysis found that heavy metals could obviously inhibit ginseng growth during the 5th and 6th years. Heavy metal content in soils has huge prospects for predicting ginsenoside, Cu and As content in ginseng. This study provided support for ginseng cultivation, quality research and quality assessment.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0269238