Persistence of sleep difficulties for over 16 years amongst 66,948 working-aged adults

The objective was to investigate the persistence of sleep difficulties for over 16 years amongst a population of working age. In this prospective cohort study, a group-based trajectory analysis of repeated surveys amongst 66,948 employees in public sector (mean age 44.7 [SD 9.4] years, 80% women) wa...

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Published in:	PloS one 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259500-e0259500
Main Authors:	Saltychev, Mikhail, Juhola, Juhani, Arokoski, Jari, Ervasti, Jenni, Kivimäki, Mika, Pentti, Jaana, Stenholm, Sari, Myllyntausta, Saana, Vahtera, Jussi
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Age Age groups Alcohol Alcohol use Analysis Beliefs, opinions and attitudes Biology and Life Sciences Body mass index Cohort analysis Diagnosis Drinking behavior Employees Epidemiology Exercise Female Funding Gender Health aspects Hospitals Humans Insomnia Investigations Male Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Men Middle Aged Obesity Occupational health Population Prognosis Prospective Studies Psychological aspects Public health Public sector Questionnaires Rehabilitation Research and Analysis Methods Risk factors Sedentary Behavior Sleep Sleep disorders Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - physiopathology Smoking Smoking - physiopathology Surveys Trajectory analysis Women Workers Young Adult
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Summary:	The objective was to investigate the persistence of sleep difficulties for over 16 years amongst a population of working age. In this prospective cohort study, a group-based trajectory analysis of repeated surveys amongst 66,948 employees in public sector (mean age 44.7 [SD 9.4] years, 80% women) was employed. The main outcome measure was sleep difficulties based on Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS). Up to 70% of the respondents did not experience sleep difficulties whereas up to 4% reported high frequency of notable sleep difficulties through the entire 16-year follow-up. Heavy drinking predicted sleep difficulties (OR 2.3 95% CI 1.6 to 3.3) except for the respondents younger than 40 years. Smoking was associated with sleep difficulties amongst women younger than 40 years (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.5). Obesity was associated with sleep difficulties amongst men (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.7) and women (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3) of middle age and amongst women older than 50 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) years. Physical inactivity predicted sleep difficulties amongst older men (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6). In this working-age population, sleep difficulties showed a great persistence over time. In most of the groups, the level of sleep difficulties during the follow-up was almost solely dependent on the level of initial severity. Depending on sex and age, increasing sleep problems were sometimes associated with high alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity and physical inactivity, but the strength of these associations varied.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203