Viral infection of human neurons triggers strain-specific differences in host neuronal and viral transcriptomes

Infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) occurs in over half the global population, causing recurrent orofacial and/or genital lesions. Individual strains of HSV-1 demonstrate differences in neurovirulence in vivo, suggesting that viral genetic differences may impact phenotype. Here differentia...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS pathogens 2021-03, Vol.17 (3), p.e1009441-e1009441
Main Authors: Mangold, Colleen A, Rathbun, Molly M, Renner, Daniel W, Kuny, Chad V, Szpara, Moriah L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell cycle
Complications and side effects
Development and progression
Epithelial cells
Epithelium
Fibroblasts
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Genetic aspects
Genetic transcription
Health aspects
Herpes simplex
Herpes Simplex - virology
Herpes viruses
Herpesvirus 1, Human - genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Host-virus relationships
Humans
Infections
Medicine and Health Sciences
Model testing
Nervous system
Neuroblastoma
Neurons
Neurons - virology
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Time synchronization
Transcription
Transcriptome - genetics
Viral infections
Virulence (Microbiology)
Virus research
Viruses
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Summary:Infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) occurs in over half the global population, causing recurrent orofacial and/or genital lesions. Individual strains of HSV-1 demonstrate differences in neurovirulence in vivo, suggesting that viral genetic differences may impact phenotype. Here differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells were infected with one of three HSV-1 strains known to differ in neurovirulence in vivo. Host and viral RNA were sequenced simultaneously, revealing strain-specific differences in both viral and host transcription in infected neurons. Neuronal morphology and immunofluorescence data highlight the pathological changes in neuronal cytoarchitecture induced by HSV-1 infection, which may reflect host transcriptional changes in pathways associated with adherens junctions, integrin signaling, and others. Comparison of viral protein levels in neurons and epithelial cells demonstrated that a number of differences were neuron-specific, suggesting that strain-to-strain variations in host and virus transcription are cell type-dependent. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of studying virus strain- and cell-type-specific factors that may contribute to neurovirulence in vivo, and highlight the specificity of HSV-1-host interactions.
ISSN:1553-7374
1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009441