Oxidative stress-induced inflammation in susceptible airways by anthropogenic aerosol

Ambient air pollution is one of the leading five health risks worldwide. One of the most harmful air pollutants is particulate matter (PM), which has different physical characteristics (particle size and number, surface area and morphology) and a highly complex and variable chemical composition. Our...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0233425
Main Authors: Leni, Zaira, Cassagnes, Laure Estelle, Daellenbach, Kaspar R, El Haddad, Imad, Vlachou, Athanasia, Uzu, Gaelle, Prévôt, André S H, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Baumlin, Nathalie, Salathe, Matthias, Baltensperger, Urs, Dommen, Josef, Geiser, Marianne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerosols
Aerosols - adverse effects
Air Pollutants - adverse effects
Air pollution
Anthropogenic factors
Antioxidants
Atmospheric chemistry
Biology and Life Sciences
Carbon
Cell culture
Cell surface
Cells, Cultured
Chemical composition
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis - complications
Cytotoxicity
Deregulation
Environmental health
Epithelial Cells - pathology
Exposure
Gene expression
Health aspects
Health risks
Human influences
Human-environment interactions
Humans
Humidity
Inflammation
Inflammation - etiology
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammation Mediators
Internal medicine
Laboratories
Lungs
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metals
Morphology
Oxidative Stress
Particle Size
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - adverse effects
Physical characteristics
Physical properties
Physical Sciences
Pollutants
Research and Analysis Methods
Respiratory Mucosa - pathology
Toxicity
Water pollution
Water purification
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Summary:Ambient air pollution is one of the leading five health risks worldwide. One of the most harmful air pollutants is particulate matter (PM), which has different physical characteristics (particle size and number, surface area and morphology) and a highly complex and variable chemical composition. Our goal was first to comparatively assess the effects of exposure to PM regarding cytotoxicity, release of pro-inflammatory mediators and gene expression in human bronchial epithelia (HBE) reflecting normal and compromised health status. Second, we aimed at evaluating the impact of various PM components from anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the cellular responses. Air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of fully differentiated HBE derived from normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) donor lungs were exposed at the apical cell surface to water-soluble PM filter extracts for 4 h. The particle dose deposited on cells was 0.9-2.5 and 8.8-25.4 μg per cm2 of cell culture area for low and high PM doses, respectively. Both normal and CF HBE show a clear dose-response relationship with increasing cytotoxicity at higher PM concentrations. The concurrently enhanced release of pro-inflammatory mediators at higher PM exposure levels links cytotoxicity to inflammatory processes. Further, the PM exposure deregulates genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways leading to an imbalance of the antioxidant system. Moreover, we identify compromised defense against PM in CF epithelia promoting exacerbation and aggravation of disease. We also demonstrate that the adverse health outcome induced by PM exposure in normal and particularly in susceptible bronchial epithelia is magnified by anthropogenic PM components. Thus, including health-relevant PM components in regulatory guidelines will result in substantial human health benefits and improve protection of the vulnerable population.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0233425