Harnessing the natural anti-glycan immune response to limit the transmission of enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2

[...]all humans lack the αGal glycan motif and possess natural anti-αGal antibodies generated in response to bacteria of the microbiota that express similar glycans [2]. [...]blood group O individuals were at a much lower risk of being infected than non-O individuals in a Hong Kong 2003 SARS hospita...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS pathogens 2020-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e1008556-e1008556
Main Authors: Breiman, Adrien, Ruvën-Clouet, Nathalie, Le Pendu, Jacques
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ablation
ABO Blood-Group System
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Antibodies
Antigens
Bacteria
Betacoronavirus
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood
Blood group O
Blood groups
Cancer
Coronavirus Infections - immunology
Coronavirus Infections - transmission
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease transmission
Enzymes
Epitopes
Glycan
Glycosylation
Health aspects
Health risks
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Life Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microbiota
Observations
Opinion
Pandemics
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
Pneumonia, Viral - immunology
Pneumonia, Viral - transmission
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides - immunology
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viruses
Xenoantigens
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Description
Summary:[...]all humans lack the αGal glycan motif and possess natural anti-αGal antibodies generated in response to bacteria of the microbiota that express similar glycans [2]. [...]blood group O individuals were at a much lower risk of being infected than non-O individuals in a Hong Kong 2003 SARS hospital outbreak [15], and a similar trend has just been observed for COVID-19 in China [16]. [...]blood group O individuals would be at a lesser risk of being infected than non-O individuals due to blocking of potential transmission events from either A, B, or AB individuals, providing anti-A or anti-B titers are of sufficient magnitude (Fig 1). In the presence of high-titered anti-A and anti-B antibodies, transmissions represented by dashed arrows should be completely ablated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008556.g001 We therefore hypothesize that as they are produced in cells coexpressing the ACE2 receptor and either the αGal, NeuGc, or A/B blood group antigens, both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 harbor the corresponding glycan epitopes. Because of the natural immune response against these epitopes, the αGal and NeuGc xenoantigens would contribute to prevent cross-species transmission from nonprimate mammals to humans, while A/B blood group antigens would contribute to decrease and slow between-human transmission.
ISSN:1553-7374
1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008556