Specific seismic retrofitting of a compact reinforced concrete building with X-bracings and steel jackets. Application to a primary school in Huelva

Previous research has indicated that many European buildings are vulnerable to moderate-magnitude earthquakes. For example, during the L'Aquila (Italia, M.sub.w 6.3, 2009) and Lorca (Spain, M.sub.w 5.9, 2011) earthquakes, many old buildings were severely damaged and some of them collapsed. In s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.e0238505-e0238505
Main Authors: Romero-Sanchez, Emilio, Morales-Esteban, Antonio, Requena-Garcia-Cruz, Maria-Victoria, Zapico-Blanco, Beatriz, de-Miguel-Rodriguez, Jaime
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Building codes
Building damage
Buildings
Columns (structural)
Concrete
Concrete construction
Construction
Design and construction
Earth Sciences
Earthquake damage
Earthquake resistant design
Earthquakes
Elementary schools
Engineering and Technology
Fault lines
Floors
Frame structures
Gravity
Mathematical analysis
Methods
Nonlinear analysis
Parameters
People and places
Physical Sciences
Population
Reinforced concrete
Reinforcing steels
Retrofitting
School buildings
Schools
Seismic activity
Seismic design
Seismic engineering
Seismic hazard
Seismic response
Seismic surveys
Social Sciences
Society
Steel
Structure
Typology
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Summary:Previous research has indicated that many European buildings are vulnerable to moderate-magnitude earthquakes. For example, during the L'Aquila (Italia, M.sub.w 6.3, 2009) and Lorca (Spain, M.sub.w 5.9, 2011) earthquakes, many old buildings were severely damaged and some of them collapsed. In specific, significant damage has been found in several school buildings after past earthquakes in Europe. This is due to the fact that many of them were constructed prior to the current seismic codes, thus considering only gravitational loads and with no seismic design whatsoever. Primary schools are even more vulnerable than other typologies because of their low adult/child ratio. The seismic activity of the Iberian Peninsula is low-moderate. However, the Algarve and Huelva regions, which are situated in the south-west, are influenced by large faults which have caused major earthquakes of long-return periods. The European project PERSISTAH (Projetos de Escolas Resilientes aos SISmos no Território do Algarve e de Huelva, in Portuguese) aims to cooperatively evaluate the seismic vulnerability of primary schools in the Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain) regions. The present work is framed under this project. The objective of this paper is to determine the most effective retrofitting scheme for a typical primary school building in this area, considering structural, architectural and constructive parameters. The scheme could be applied to several buildings of the same typology, decreasing costs and time. An existing reinforced concrete frame building has been selected for the study. This is one of the most commonly used typologies for primary schools in this area. A nonlinear static analysis has been carried out in order to study its seismic behaviour. The performance point of the building has been obtained through the capacity-demand spectrum method. The preliminary results have confirmed the poor seismic behaviour of this building. Specifically, soft-story behaviour has been identified in the ground floor and short columns have been observed in the upper floors. Therefore, specific seismic retrofitting solutions have been proposed and evaluated in order to identify the one that is the most efficient. The combination of reinforcements has been done considering the structural and architectural impact and constructive parameters. The calculations have shown that steel X-bracings are the best solution for preventing the formation of a soft-storey in the ground floor. Unf
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0238505