Characterizing the Randot Preschool stereotest: Testability, norms, reliability, specificity and sensitivity in children aged 2-11 years

To comprehensively assess the Randot Preschool stereo test in young children, including testability, normative values, test/retest reliability and sensitivity and specificity for detecting binocular vision disorders. We tested 1005 children aged 2-11 years with the Randot Preschool stereo test, plus...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2019-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0224402-e0224402
Main Authors: Read, Jenny C A, Rafiq, Sheima, Hugill, Jess, Casanova, Therese, Black, Carla, O'Neill, Adam, Puyat, Vicente, Haggerty, Helen, Smart, Kathryn, Powell, Christine, Taylor, Kate, Clarke, Michael P, Vancleef, Kathleen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acuity
Age
Aged
Binocular vision
Biology and Life Sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Childhood vision disorders
Children
Children & youth
Depth Perception - physiology
Early childhood education
Eye (anatomy)
Female
Humans
Male
Medical screening
Medicine and Health Sciences
Neurosciences
Normal distribution
Norms
People and Places
Physical Examination
Physical Sciences
Reliability
Research and Analysis Methods
Sensitivity analysis
Social Sciences
Strabismus
Strabismus - diagnosis
Strabismus - physiopathology
Studies
Testability
Vision Disorders - diagnosis
Vision Disorders - physiopathology
Vision Tests - methods
Vision, Binocular - physiology
Visual acuity
Visual Acuity - physiology
Visual thresholds
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Summary:To comprehensively assess the Randot Preschool stereo test in young children, including testability, normative values, test/retest reliability and sensitivity and specificity for detecting binocular vision disorders. We tested 1005 children aged 2-11 years with the Randot Preschool stereo test, plus a cover/uncover test to detect heterotropia. Monocular visual acuity was assessed in both eyes using Keeler Crowded LogMAR visual acuity test for children aged 4 and over. Testability was very high: 65% in two-year-olds, 92% in three-year-olds and ~100% in older children. Normative values: In 389 children aged 2-5 with apparently normal vision, 6% of children scored nil (stereoblind). In those who obtained a threshold, the mean log threshold was 2.06 log10 arcsec, corresponding to 114 arcsec, and the median threshold was 100 arcsec. Most older children score 40 arcsec, the best available score. We found a small sex difference, with girls scoring slightly but significantly better. Test/retest reliability: ~99% for obtaining any score vs nil. Agreement between stereo thresholds is poor in children aged 2-5; 95% limit of agreement = 0.7 log10 arcsec: five-fold change in stereo threshold may occur without any change in vision. In children over 5, the test essentially acts only as a binary classifier since almost all non-stereoblind children score 40 arcsec. Specificity (true negative rate): >95%. Sensitivity (true positive rate): poor,
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0224402