Association of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with ectopic pregnancy and preterm labor in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infectious disease that causes tubal occlusion and other pelvic and abdominal adhesions. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has increased due to the sexually active status of the young population. This leads to a more serious problem and a larg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0219351-e0219351
Main Authors: Huang, Chun-Chung, Huang, Chien-Chu, Lin, Shao-Yi, Chang, Cherry Yin-Yi, Lin, Wu-Chou, Chung, Chi-Hsiang, Lin, Fu-Huang, Tsao, Chang-Huei, Lo, Chun-Min, Chien, Wu-Chien
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesions
Adolescent
Adult
Antibiotics
Biomedical engineering
Case-Control Studies
Child
Clinical trials
Cohort analysis
Communicable diseases
Complications and side effects
Design
Disease
Disease susceptibility
Ectopic pregnancy
Female
Gynecology
Health
Hospitals
Humans
Incidence
Infections
Infectious diseases
Inflammatory diseases
Insurance
Labor
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
National health insurance
Obstetric Labor, Premature - epidemiology
Obstetric Labor, Premature - etiology
Obstetrics
Occlusion
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - complications
People and Places
Population studies
Population-based studies
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Pregnancy, Ectopic - epidemiology
Pregnancy, Ectopic - etiology
Pregnant women
Premature birth
Premature labor
Proportional integral derivative
Public health
Regression analysis
Retrospective Studies
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Sexual behavior
Social Sciences
Statistics
Studies
Taiwan - epidemiology
Women
Womens health
Young Adult
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Summary:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infectious disease that causes tubal occlusion and other pelvic and abdominal adhesions. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has increased due to the sexually active status of the young population. This leads to a more serious problem and a larger effect than previously observed. However, there have been few studies on this topic in Asian populations. We aimed to evaluate the risk of preterm labor and/or ectopic pregnancy in Taiwanese women following PID. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we designed a retrospective cohort study that included 12- to 55-year-old pregnant women between 2000 and 2010. We selected a 1:3 age-matched control group of non-PID women. The endpoint was any episode of preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy; otherwise, the patients were tracked until 31 December 2010. The risk factors for preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy were explored. For cases included from the index date until the end of 2010, we analyzed the risk of incident preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy. With the use of a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, we calculated the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% CI and compared it with that of the control group. This study examined 30,450 patients with PID and 91,350 controls. During the follow-up period, patients in the PID group were more likely to develop preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy than patients in the control group. The cumulative incidence rates for developing preterm labor were 1.84% (561/30,450 individuals) in patients with PID and 1.63% (1492/91,350 individuals) in patients without PID. On the other hand, the cumulative incidence rate for developing ectopic pregnancy in patients with PID was 0.05% (14/30,450 individuals) but was only 0.04% (33/91,350 individuals) in patients without PID. Compared with those without PID, the patients with PID had a 1.864 times (P
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0219351