Echinococcus in wild canids in Québec (Canada) and Maine (USA)

Zoonotic Echinococcus spp. cestodes (E. canadensis and E. multilocularis) infect domestic animals, wildlife, and people in regions of Canada and the USA. We recovered and quantified Echinococcus spp. cestodes from 22 of 307 intestinal tracts of wild canids (23 wolves, 100 coyotes, 184 red and arctic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2018-08, Vol.12 (8), p.e0006712-e0006712
Main Authors: Schurer, Janna M, Bouchard, Emilie, Bryant, Ann, Revell, Sarah, Chavis, Grace, Lichtenwalner, Anne, Jenkins, Emily J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal health
Animals
Biology and Life Sciences
Canidae
Canidae - parasitology
Cysts
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA sequencing
Domestic animals
Echinococcosis - epidemiology
Echinococcosis - veterinary
Echinococcus
Echinococcus - isolation & purification
Food
Foxes
Gene sequencing
Genotypes
Historical account
Hosts
Internet
Intestine
Maine - epidemiology
Mitochondrial DNA
Nucleotide sequence
Open spaces
Parasites
PCR
People and places
Polar environments
Public health
Quebec - epidemiology
Range extension
Regions
Research and Analysis Methods
Tropical diseases
Urban environments
Urban planning
Wildlife
Wolves
Zoonoses
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Description
Summary:Zoonotic Echinococcus spp. cestodes (E. canadensis and E. multilocularis) infect domestic animals, wildlife, and people in regions of Canada and the USA. We recovered and quantified Echinococcus spp. cestodes from 22 of 307 intestinal tracts of wild canids (23 wolves, 100 coyotes, 184 red and arctic foxes) in the state of Maine and the province of Québec. We identified the species and genotypes of three Echinococcus spp. cestodes per infected animal by sequencing mitochondrial DNA at two loci. We further confirmed the absence of E. multilocularis by extracting DNA from pools of all cestodes from each animal and running a duplex PCR capable of distinguishing the two species. We detected E. canadensis (G8 and G10), but not E. multilocularis, which is emerging as an important human and animal health concern in adjacent regions. Prevalence and median intensity of E. canadensis was higher in wolves (35%, 460) than coyotes (14%, 358). This parasite has historically been absent in Atlantic regions of North America, where suitable intermediate hosts, but not wolves, are present. Our study suggests that coyotes are serving as sylvatic definitive hosts for E. canadensis in Atlantic regions, and this may facilitate eastward range expansion of E. canadensis in the USA and Canada. As well, compared to wolves, coyotes are more likely to contaminate urban green spaces and peri-urban environments with zoonotic parasites.
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006712