Uniform 3D meshes to establish normative facial averages of healthy infants during the first year of life

Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging systems are replacing direct anthropometry as the preferred method for capturing facial soft-tissues. Aims of this study were: (1) to develop normative average 3D faces of healthy infants aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and (2) to describe normative average 3D faci...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0217267-e0217267
Main Authors: Brons, Sander, Meulstee, Jene W, Nada, Rania M, Kuijpers, Mette A R, Bronkhorst, Ewald M, Bergé, Stefaan J, Maal, Thomas J J, Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne Marie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Age Factors
Analysis
Anthropometry
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Body measurements
Care and treatment
Cephalometry - methods
Cephalometry - statistics & numerical data
Cheek
Child development
Children
Chin
Deformation effects
Dentistry
Face - anatomy & histology
Facial pain
Female
Forehead
Future predictions
Health aspects
Humans
Image acquisition
Imaging systems
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - statistics & numerical data
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Ionizing radiation
Jaw
Lip
Male
Maxillofacial Development
Maxillofacial surgery
Medical imaging equipment
Medicine and Health Sciences
Models, Anatomic
Morphology
Netherlands
Newborn babies
Nose
Orofacial clefts
Orthodontics
People and Places
Reference Values
Surgery
Teenagers
Three dimensional imaging
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging systems are replacing direct anthropometry as the preferred method for capturing facial soft-tissues. Aims of this study were: (1) to develop normative average 3D faces of healthy infants aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and (2) to describe normative average 3D facial growth data in infants aged 3 to 12 months. Three-dimensional images of 50 healthy children were acquired at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age using the 3dMDcranial system. Four average faces with uniform meshes (3, 6, 9, and 12 months) were developed and registered based on the children's reference frames. Distance maps of growth of the total facial surface and of the nose, upper lip, chin, forehead and cheeks for the intervals 3 to 6 months, 6 to 9 months, and 9 to 12 months of age were calculated. Mean growth of the total facial surface was 3.9 mm (standard deviation [SD] 1.2 mm), 3.5 mm (SD 0.9 mm), and 1.6 mm (SD 0.7 mm) at 3 to 6 months, 6 to 9 months, and 9 to 12 months, respectively. Regarding the selected regions of the face, the mean growth of the nose and upper lip were the largest (3.7 mm and 3.6 mm, respectively) between 6 and 9 months of age. The mean growth of the forehead, cheeks and chin were the largest (5.4 mm, 3.2, and 4.7 mm, respectively) between 3 and 6 months of age. For all facial regions, growth clearly diminished from 9 to 12 months of age. Normative data on the growth of the full face, nose, upper lip, chin, forehead and cheeks are presented. Such data can be used in future studies to identify the effectiveness of treatment of orofacial deformities such as orofacial clefts during the first year of life.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0217267