Risk factors associated with the occurrence of anthrax outbreaks in livestock in the country of Georgia: A case-control investigation 2013-2015

Anthrax is considered endemic in livestock in Georgia. In 2007, the annual vaccination became the responsibility of livestock owners, while contracting of private veterinarians was not officially required. Six years later, due to increase in human outbreaks associated with livestock handling, there...

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Published in:	PloS one 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0215228-e0215228
Main Authors:	Rao, Sangeeta, Traxler, Rita, Napetavaridze, Tsira, Asanishvili, Zviad, Rukhadze, Ketevan, Maghlakelidze, Giorgi, Geleishvili, Marika, Broladze, Mariam, Kokhreidze, Maka, Reynolds, Debby, Shadomy, Sean, Salman, Mo
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Analysis Animals Anthrax Anthrax - diagnosis Anthrax - epidemiology Anthrax - veterinary Beef cattle Biology and Life Sciences Case-Control Studies Cattle Confidence intervals Control methods Dietary supplements Disease control Disease Outbreaks Disease prevention Education Environmental protection Epidemics Exposure Female Georgia (Republic) - epidemiology Goats Health aspects Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Identification methods Investigations Livestock Livestock farms Logistic Models Male Medicine and Health Sciences Milking Multivariable control Outbreaks People and Places Pregnant women Public health Regression analysis Risk analysis Risk Factors Sheep Social Sciences Statistical analysis Studies Vaccination Vegetation Veterinary surgeons Zoonoses Zoonoses - diagnosis Zoonoses - epidemiology
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Summary:	Anthrax is considered endemic in livestock in Georgia. In 2007, the annual vaccination became the responsibility of livestock owners, while contracting of private veterinarians was not officially required. Six years later, due to increase in human outbreaks associated with livestock handling, there is a need to find out the risk factors of livestock anthrax in Georgia. To identify exposures and risk factors associated with livestock anthrax. A matched case-control study design was used to recruit the owners of individual livestock anthrax cases that occurred between June 2013 and May 2015, and owners of unaffected livestock from within ("village control") and outside the village ("area control"). We collected data about the case and control livestock animals' exposure and risk factors within the one-month prior to the disease onset of the case livestock (or matched case for the controls). We used logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariable) to calculate the odds ratios of exposures and risk factors. During the study period, 36 anthrax cases met the case definition and were enrolled in the study; 67 matched village control livestock and 71 matched area control livestock were also enrolled. The findings from multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrate that vaccination within the last two years significantly reduced the odds of anthrax in cattle (OR = 0.014; 95% Confidence interval =
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203