Polymorphism analysis of the apxIA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 isolated in swine herds from Brazil

The bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of Contagious Porcine Pleuropneumonia, a disease responsible for economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A. pleuropneumoniae is capable of producing proteinaceous exotoxins responsible for inducing hemorrhagic lesions, o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2018-12, Vol.13 (12), p.e0208789-e0208789
Main Authors: Dos Santos, Lucas Fernando, Costa Polveiro, Richard, Scatamburlo Moreira, Thalita, Pereira Vidigal, Pedro Marcus, Chang, Yung-Fu, Scatamburlo Moreira, Maria Aparecida
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acinetobacter - genetics
Acinetobacter - isolation & purification
Acinetobacter - pathogenicity
Acinetobacter Infections - genetics
Actinobacillus
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Analysis
Animals
Antigens
Bioinformatics
Biology and Life Sciences
Brazil
Computer and Information Sciences
Disease prevention
E coli
Economic impact
Enzymes
Etiology
Evolution & development
Exotoxins
Gene polymorphism
Gene sequencing
Genes
Genes, Bacterial
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Genetic polymorphisms
Genetics
Haplotypes
Hemorrhage
Hogs
Immunogenicity
Laboratories
Lesions
Livestock
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mutation
Nucleotides
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
People and places
Phylogeny
Pleuropneumonia
Pleuropneumonia, Contagious - genetics
Pleuropneumonia, Contagious - microbiology
Polymorphism
Polymorphism, Genetic
Population
Proteins
Public health
Research and Analysis Methods
Salmonella
Swine
Swine - microbiology
Swine Diseases - genetics
Swine Diseases - microbiology
Swine production
Toxins
Veterinary medicine
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Summary:The bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of Contagious Porcine Pleuropneumonia, a disease responsible for economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A. pleuropneumoniae is capable of producing proteinaceous exotoxins responsible for inducing hemorrhagic lesions, one of which is ApxI. Few studies have conducted an in-depth evaluation of polymorphisms of the nucleotides that make up the ApxI toxin gene. Here we analyze the polymorphisms of the apxIA gene region of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 isolated from swine in different regions in Brazil and report the results of molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of the apxIA gene in 60 isolates revealed the presence of genetic diversity and variability. The polymorphisms in the nucleotide sequences determined the grouping of the Brazilian sequences and five more sequences from the GenBank database into 14 different haplotypes, which formed three main groups and revealed the presence of mutations in the nucleotide sequences. The estimation of selection pressures suggests the occurrence of genetic variations by positive selective pressure on A. pleuropneumoniae in large groups of animals in relatively small spaces. These conditions presumably favor the horizontal dissemination of apxIA gene mutations within bacterial populations with host reservoirs. As a result, the same serovar can demonstrate different antigenic capacities due to mutations in the apxIA gene. These alterations in sequences of the apxIA gene could occur in other areas of countries with intense swine production, which could lead to differences in the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of each serovar and have implications for the clinical status or diagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0208789