Negative mood invites psychotic false perception in dementia

There is increasing evidence for predictive coding theories of psychosis, which state that hallucinations arise from abnormal perceptual priors or biases. However, psychological processes that foster abnormal priors/biases in patients suffering hallucinations have been largely unexplored. The widely...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2018-06, Vol.13 (6), p.e0197968-e0197968
Main Authors: Watanabe, Hiroyuki, Nishio, Yoshiyuki, Mamiya, Yasuyuki, Narita, Wataru, Iizuka, Osamu, Baba, Toru, Takeda, Atsushi, Shimomura, Tatsuo, Mori, Etsuro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Affect
Affective disorders
Aged
Alzheimer's disease
Anxiety
Biology and Life Sciences
Caregivers
Coding
Cognition
Cognitive ability
Complications and side effects
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Explicit knowledge
Female
Hallucinations
Humans
Illusions
Lewy bodies
Lewy Body Disease - complications
Lewy Body Disease - physiopathology
Lewy Body Disease - psychology
Male
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental disorders
Mood
Mood disorders
Neural coding
Neurological disorders
Neurology
Neurosciences
Parkinson's disease
Patients
Perception
Psychiatry
Psychosis
Psychotic Disorders - complications
Psychotic Disorders - psychology
Risk factors
Signal detection
Social Sciences
University graduates
Visual perception
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Summary:There is increasing evidence for predictive coding theories of psychosis, which state that hallucinations arise from abnormal perceptual priors or biases. However, psychological processes that foster abnormal priors/biases in patients suffering hallucinations have been largely unexplored. The widely recognized relationship between affective disorders and psychosis suggests a role for mood and emotion. Thirty-six patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a representative condition associated with psychosis of neurological origin, and 12 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were enrolled. After an experimental mood induction, the participants underwent the pareidolia test, in which visual hallucination-like illusions were evoked and measured. In DLB patients, the number of pareidolic illusions was doubled under negative mood compared to that under neutral mood. In AD patients, there was no significant difference in the number of pareidolic responses between negative and neutral mood conditions. A signal detection theory analysis demonstrated that the observed affective modulation of pareidolic illusions was mediated through heightened perceptual bias, not sensory deterioration. The current findings demonstrated that abnormal perceptual priors in psychotic false perception have an affective nature, which we suggest are a type of cognitive feeling that arises in association with perception and cognition.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0197968