Physiological responses to acute cold exposure in young lean men

The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the physiological responses to an acute bout of mild cold in young lean men (n = 11, age: 23 ± 2 years, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2) to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis and how it is regulated. Rest...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2018-05, Vol.13 (5), p.e0196543
Main Authors: Acosta, Francisco M, Martinez-Tellez, Borja, Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo, Alcantara, Juan MA, Acosta-Manzano, Pedro, Morales-Artacho, Antonio J, Ruiz, Jonatan R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Adult
Air conditioners
Air conditioning
Biology and Life Sciences
Body mass
Body Mass Index
Body size
Body Temperature - physiology
Body temperature regulation
Body Temperature Regulation - physiology
Carbohydrates
Clavicle
Cold
Cold Temperature - adverse effects
Cold weather
Cooling
Energy expenditure
Energy Metabolism
Exposure
Forearm
Health aspects
Heart Rate
Heat
Hemodynamics
Humans
Liquid cooling
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolism
Muscle contraction
Muscles
Non-shivering
Oxidation
Oxygen Consumption
Perception
Physical education
Physical fitness
Physiological aspects
Physiological research
Physiological responses
Physiology
Research and Analysis Methods
Shivering
Shivering - physiology
Skin
Skin temperature
Skin Temperature - physiology
Social Sciences
Substrates
Temperature
Temperature effects
Temperature perception
Thermal comfort
Thermogenesis
Thermogenesis - physiology
Young Adult
Young men
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Summary:The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the physiological responses to an acute bout of mild cold in young lean men (n = 11, age: 23 ± 2 years, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2) to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis and how it is regulated. Resting energy expenditure, substrate metabolism, skin temperature, thermal comfort perception, superficial muscle activity, hemodynamics of the forearm and abdominal regions, and heart rate variability were measured under warm conditions (22.7 ± 0.2°C) and during an individualized cooling protocol (air-conditioning and water cooling vest) in a cold room (19.4 ± 0.1°C). The temperature of the cooling vest started at 16.6°C and decreased ~ 1.4°C every 10 minutes until participants shivered (93.5 ± 26.3 min). All measurements were analysed across 4 periods: warm period, at 31% and at 64% of individual´s cold exposure time until shivering occurred, and at the shivering threshold. Energy expenditure increased from warm period to 31% of cold exposure by 16.7% (P = 0.078) and to the shivering threshold by 31.7% (P = 0.023). Fat oxidation increased by 72.6% from warm period to 31% of cold exposure (P = 0.004), whereas no changes occurred in carbohydrates oxidation. As shivering came closer, the skin temperature and thermal comfort perception decreased (all P0.05). Furthermore, the superficial muscle activation increased at the shivering threshold. It is noteworthy that the largest physiological changes occurred during the first 30 minutes of cold exposure, when the participants felt less discomfort.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0196543