The evolution and appearance of C3 duplications in fish originate an exclusive teleost c3 gene form with anti-inflammatory activity

The complement system acts as a first line of defense and promotes organism homeostasis by modulating the fates of diverse physiological processes. Multiple copies of component genes have been previously identified in fish, suggesting a key role for this system in aquatic organisms. Herein, we confi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e99673
Main Authors: Forn-Cuní, Gabriel, Reis, Edimara S, Dios, Sonia, Posada, David, Lambris, John D, Figueras, Antonio, Novoa, Beatriz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aeromonas hydrophila - immunology
Animal genetics
Animal tissues
Animals
Anti-inflammatory agents
Aquatic organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
C3 gene
Cell adhesion & migration
Complement C3 - genetics
Complement C3 - immunology
Complement component C3
Complement system
Cytokines - metabolism
Danio rerio
Evolution, Molecular
Fish
Fishes
Gene Duplication
Gene expression
Genes
Genomes
Genomics
Homeostasis
Immunology
Inflammation
Laboratories
Leukocyte migration
Medicine
Multigene Family
Ontogeny
Phylogeny
Proteins
Reproduction (copying)
Research and Analysis Methods
RNA
Shellfish
Trout
Vertebrates
Viral infections
Zebrafish
Zebrafish - genetics
Zebrafish - immunology
Zebrafish - microbiology
Zebrafish Proteins - genetics
Zebrafish Proteins - immunology
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Summary:The complement system acts as a first line of defense and promotes organism homeostasis by modulating the fates of diverse physiological processes. Multiple copies of component genes have been previously identified in fish, suggesting a key role for this system in aquatic organisms. Herein, we confirm the presence of three different previously reported complement c3 genes (c3.1, c3.2, c3.3) and identify five additional c3 genes (c3.4, c3.5, c3.6, c3.7, c3.8) in the zebrafish genome. Additionally, we evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the different c3 genes during ontogeny and in different tissues under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, while reconciling the phylogenetic tree with the fish species tree, we uncovered an event of c3 duplication common to all teleost fishes that gave rise to an exclusive c3 paralog (c3.7 and c3.8). These paralogs showed a distinct ability to regulate neutrophil migration in response to injury compared with the other c3 genes and may play a role in maintaining the balance between inflammatory and homeostatic processes in zebrafish.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099673