Meta-Analysis and Advancement of Brucellosis Vaccinology

In spite of all the research effort for developing new vaccines against brucellosis, it remains unclear whether these new vaccine technologies will in fact become widely used. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to identify parameters that influence vaccine efficacy as well as a de...

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Published in:	PloS one 2016-11, Vol.11 (11), p.e0166582-e0166582
Main Authors:	Carvalho, Tatiane F, Haddad, João Paulo A, Paixão, Tatiane A, Santos, Renato L
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Abortion Adjuvants, Immunologic - therapeutic use Analysis Animal models Animal vaccines Animals Biology and Life Sciences Brucella Brucella abortus Brucella abortus - immunology Brucella abortus - pathogenicity Brucella melitensis Brucella Vaccine - immunology Brucella Vaccine - therapeutic use Brucellosis Brucellosis - immunology Brucellosis - microbiology Brucellosis - prevention & control Cattle Deoxyribonucleic acid Dependent variables Disease Models, Animal DNA DNA vaccines Humans Independent variables Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine, Experimental Meta-analysis Mice Parameter identification Proteins Regression analysis Regression models Research and Analysis Methods Studies Vaccination Vaccine efficacy Vaccines Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology Vaccines, Attenuated - therapeutic use Wildlife conservation
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Summary:	In spite of all the research effort for developing new vaccines against brucellosis, it remains unclear whether these new vaccine technologies will in fact become widely used. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to identify parameters that influence vaccine efficacy as well as a descriptive analysis on how the field of Brucella vaccinology is advancing concerning type of vaccine, improvement of protection on animal models over time, and factors that may affect protection in the mouse model. A total of 117 publications that met the criteria were selected for inclusion in this study, with a total of 782 individual experiments analyzed. Attenuated (n = 221), inactivated (n = 66) and mutant (n = 102) vaccines provided median protection index above 2, whereas subunit (n = 287), DNA (n = 68), and vectored (n = 38) vaccines provided protection indexes lower than 2. When all categories of experimental vaccines are analyzed together, the trend line clearly demonstrates that there was no improvement of the protection indexes over the past 30 years, with a low negative and non significant linear coefficient. A meta-regression model was developed including all vaccine categories (attenuated, DNA, inactivated, mutant, subunit, and vectored) considering the protection index as a dependent variable and the other parameters (mouse strain, route of vaccination, number of vaccinations, use of adjuvant, challenge Brucella species) as independent variables. Some of these variables influenced the expected protection index of experimental vaccines against Brucella spp. in the mouse model. In spite of the large number of publication over the past 30 years, our results indicate that there is not clear trend to improve the protective potential of these experimental vaccines.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203