Complex Particulate Biomaterials as Immunostimulant-Delivery Platforms

The control of infectious diseases is a major current challenge in intensive aquaculture. Most commercial vaccines are based on live attenuated or inactivated pathogens that are usually combined with adjuvants, oil emulsions being as the most widely used for vaccination in aquaculture. Although effe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one 2016-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e0164073
Main Authors:	Torrealba, Débora, Seras-Franzoso, Joaquin, Mamat, Uwe, Wilke, Kathleen, Villaverde, Antonio, Roher, Nerea, Garcia-Fruitós, Elena
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adjuvants Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage Adjuvants, Immunologic - chemistry Animals Aquaculture Aquaculture - methods Asthma Bacteria Bacterial infections Bacterial Infections - immunology Biochemistry Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - administration & dosage Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biology and Life Sciences Biomaterials Biomedical materials Cell Line Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drug Delivery Systems - methods E coli Emulsions Escherichia coli Fish Fish Diseases - immunology Fishes Gene expression Health aspects Immune system Immunomodulation Immunomodulators Immunostimulants Inclusion bodies Inclusion Bodies - immunology Infectious diseases Lipopolysaccharides Medicine and Health Sciences Mitogens Oncorhynchus mykiss Peptidoglycans Physical Sciences Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Ribonucleic acid RNA Side effects Vaccination Vaccination - methods Vaccines Veterinary medicine Viral Vaccines - immunology Zebrafish
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Summary:	The control of infectious diseases is a major current challenge in intensive aquaculture. Most commercial vaccines are based on live attenuated or inactivated pathogens that are usually combined with adjuvants, oil emulsions being as the most widely used for vaccination in aquaculture. Although effective, the use of these oil emulsions is plagued with important side effects. Thus, the development of alternative safer and cost-effective immunostimulants and adjuvants is highly desirable. Here we have explored the capacity of inclusion bodies produced in bacteria to immunostimulate and protect fish against bacterial infections. Bacterial inclusion bodies are highly stable, non-toxic protein-based biomaterials produced through fully scalable and low-cost bio-production processes. The present study shows that the composition and structured organization of inclusion body components (protein, lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, DNA and RNA) make these protein biomaterials excellent immunomodulators able to generically protect fish against otherwise lethal bacterial challenges. The results obtained in this work provide evidence that their inherent nature makes bacterial inclusion bodies exceptionally attractive as immunostimulants and this opens the door to the future exploration of this biomaterial as an alternative adjuvant for vaccination purposes in veterinary.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203