Dopamine Receptor Gene DRD4 7-Repeat Allele X Maternal Sensitivity Interaction on Child Externalizing Behavior Problems: Independent Replication of Effects at 18 Months

The DRD4 VNTR has been associated with child behavior problems in interaction with maternal insensitivity in European and American cohorts of preschoolers, with the 7-repeat (7R) allele associated with greater problems. We sought to replicate and expand these findings by examining effects on reports...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2016-08, Vol.11 (8), p.e0160473-e0160473
Main Authors: King, Anthony P, Muzik, Maria, Hamilton, Lindsay, Taylor, Alexander B, Rosenblum, Katherine L, Liberzon, Israel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
African Americans - genetics
Age
Alleles
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Babies
Behavior
Behavior problems
Biology and Life Sciences
Child behavior
Child Behavior Disorders - genetics
Children & youth
Cohort Studies
Depression
Dopamine
Dopamine D4 receptors
Dopamine receptors
European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics
Female
Genetic aspects
Genotypes
Humans
Infant
Infants
Longitudinal Studies
Maternal behavior
Maternal Behavior - psychology
Medical screening
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental depression
Minisatellite Repeats
Mother-Child Relations
Mothers - psychology
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Preschool children
Psychiatry
Receptors, Dopamine D4 - genetics
Regression analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
Sensitivity
Sensitivity analysis
Studies
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Summary:The DRD4 VNTR has been associated with child behavior problems in interaction with maternal insensitivity in European and American cohorts of preschoolers, with the 7-repeat (7R) allele associated with greater problems. We sought to replicate and expand these findings by examining effects on reports of child behavior problems at 18 months. A 63 family sample with data for observed maternal sensitivity ratings, DRD4 VNTR genotype, and maternal report of child behavior problems at 18-months was used in this preliminary analysis. Maternal sensitivity was measured at 6-months of age using laboratory observational measures (free-play and a teaching task). Maternal report of toddler behavior was obtained at 18-months via the standard Child Behavior Checklist, and infant genotype on the DRD4 VNTR was obtained using PCR. Infants carrying the DRD4 7R allele showed greater effects of maternal insensitivity than non-carriers for behavioral problems at 18-months. We replicated previous findings of association of infant DRD4 x maternal sensitivity interactions with child Externalizing problems in the European-ancestry sample (N = 42) in a median split of maternal sensitivity (p = .00011, eta2 = .329) and in regression analyses controlling for maternal age, maternal depression, and child gender in European ancestry (B = -3.4, SE 1.33, p = .01) and the total sample (B = -2.2, SE 1.02, p = .02). Exploratory analyses also found evidence of DRD4 x maternal sensitivity interaction with the CBCL ADHD scale. These findings replicate in an independent cohort DRD4 x maternal insensitivity interaction effect on child externalizing behavior problems at 18 months, further supporting the role of the DRD4 genotype in differential sensitivity to parenting.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0160473