Decreased Anti-Tumor Cytotoxic Immunity among Microsatellite-Stable Colon Cancers from African Americans

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S., with African-Americans having higher incidence and mortality rates than Caucasian-Americans. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes provide protection to patients with colon cancer while pati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2016-06, Vol.11 (6), p.e0156660
Main Authors: Basa, Ranor C B, Davies, Vince, Li, Xiaoxiao, Murali, Bhavya, Shah, Jinel, Yang, Bing, Li, Shi, Khan, Mohammad W, Tian, Mengxi, Tejada, Ruth, Hassan, Avan, Washington, Jr, Allen, Mukherjee, Bhramar, Carethers, John M, McGuire, Kathleen L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
African Americans
Aged
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Biomarkers, Tumor - immunology
Cancer
CD57 antigen
CD8 antigen
CD8 Antigens - genetics
CD8 Antigens - immunology
Colon
Colon cancer
Colonic Neoplasms - ethnology
Colonic Neoplasms - genetics
Colonic Neoplasms - immunology
Colonic Neoplasms - pathology
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Ethnicity
European Continental Ancestry Group
Female
Gene Expression
Granzyme B
Granzymes - genetics
Granzymes - immunology
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunohistochemistry
Infiltration
Interleukin 17
Interleukin-17 - genetics
Interleukin-17 - immunology
Invasiveness
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - immunology
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - pathology
Male
Medical prognosis
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metastases
Microsatellite Repeats
Microsatellites
Middle Aged
Minority & ethnic groups
Molecular biology
Patients
Physical Sciences
Prostate cancer
Public health
Race
Racial differences
Regression analysis
Regression models
Research and Analysis Methods
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
Statistical tests
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - pathology
Toxicity
Tumors
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Summary:Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S., with African-Americans having higher incidence and mortality rates than Caucasian-Americans. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes provide protection to patients with colon cancer while patients deficient in these responses have significantly worse prognosis. To determine if differences in cytotoxic immunity might play a role in racial disparities in colorectal cancer 258 microsatellite-stable colon tumors were examined for infiltrating immune biomarkers via immunohistochemistry. Descriptive summary statistics were calculated using two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum tests, while linear regression models with log-transformed data were used to assess differences in race and Pearson and Spearman correlations were used to correlate different biomarkers. The association between different biomarkers was also assessed using linear regression after adjusting for covariates. No significant differences were observed in CD8+ (p = 0.83), CD57+ (p = 0.55), and IL-17-expressing (p = 0.63) cell numbers within the tumor samples tested. When infiltration of granzyme B+ cells was analyzed, however, a significant difference was observed, with African Americans having lower infiltration of cells expressing this cytotoxic marker than Caucasians (p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0156660