Crystal Structures of a Piscine Betanodavirus: Mechanisms of Capsid Assembly and Viral Infection

Betanodaviruses cause massive mortality in marine fish species with viral nervous necrosis. The structure of a T = 3 Grouper nervous necrosis virus-like particle (GNNV-LP) is determined by the ab initio method with non-crystallographic symmetry averaging at 3.6 Å resolution. Each capsid protein (CP)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS pathogens 2015-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e1005203-e1005203
Main Authors: Chen, Nai-Chi, Yoshimura, Masato, Guan, Hong-Hsiang, Wang, Ting-Yu, Misumi, Yuko, Lin, Chien-Chih, Chuankhayan, Phimonphan, Nakagawa, Atsushi, Chan, Sunney I, Tsukihara, Tomitake, Chen, Tzong-Yueh, Chen, Chun-Jung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atoms & subatomic particles
Calcium - metabolism
Capsid Proteins - chemistry
Crystallography, X-Ray
Crystals
Data collection
Fishes
Gangrene
Genomes
Health aspects
Infections
Mortality
NOD-like receptors
Nodaviridae - chemistry
Phylogenetics
Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene Glycols - pharmacology
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Proteins
RNA polymerase
Structure
Viral infections
Virion - chemistry
Virus Assembly
Viruses
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Summary:Betanodaviruses cause massive mortality in marine fish species with viral nervous necrosis. The structure of a T = 3 Grouper nervous necrosis virus-like particle (GNNV-LP) is determined by the ab initio method with non-crystallographic symmetry averaging at 3.6 Å resolution. Each capsid protein (CP) shows three major domains: (i) the N-terminal arm, an inter-subunit extension at the inner surface; (ii) the shell domain (S-domain), a jelly-roll structure; and (iii) the protrusion domain (P-domain) formed by three-fold trimeric protrusions. In addition, we have determined structures of the T = 1 subviral particles (SVPs) of (i) the delta-P-domain mutant (residues 35-217) at 3.1 Å resolution; and (ii) the N-ARM deletion mutant (residues 35-338) at 7 Å resolution; and (iii) the structure of the individual P-domain (residues 214-338) at 1.2 Å resolution. The P-domain reveals a novel DxD motif asymmetrically coordinating two Ca2+ ions, and seems to play a prominent role in the calcium-mediated trimerization of the GNNV CPs during the initial capsid assembly process. The flexible N-ARM (N-terminal arginine-rich motif) appears to serve as a molecular switch for T = 1 or T = 3 assembly. Finally, we find that polyethylene glycol, which is incorporated into the P-domain during the crystallization process, enhances GNNV infection. The present structural studies together with the biological assays enhance our understanding of the role of the P-domain of GNNV in the capsid assembly and viral infection by this betanodavirus.
ISSN:1553-7374
1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005203