Effect of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota, Gut Hormones and Glucose Metabolism

The gut microbiota has been designated as an active regulator of glucose metabolism and metabolic phenotype in a number of animal and human observational studies. We evaluated the effect of removing as many bacteria as possible by antibiotics on postprandial physiology in healthy humans. Meal tests...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2015-11, Vol.10 (11), p.e0142352-e0142352
Main Authors: Mikkelsen, Kristian H, Frost, Morten, Bahl, Martin I, Licht, Tine R, Jensen, Ulrich S, Rosenberg, Jacob, Pedersen, Oluf, Hansen, Torben, Rehfeld, Jens F, Holst, Jens J, Vilsbøll, Tina, Knop, Filip K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects
Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Bacterial Load
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cultivation
Diabetes
Diarrhea - chemically induced
Fasting - blood
Fatty acids
Feces - chemistry
Feces - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Hormones - blood
Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
Gentamicin
Gentamicins - adverse effects
Gentamicins - metabolism
Gentamicins - pharmacology
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Glucose tolerance
Hormone release
Hormones
Hospitals
Humans
Insulin
Insulin - blood
Insulin resistance
Insulin secretion
Intestinal microflora
Long-term effects
Male
Males
Measurement methods
Meropenem
Metabolism
Microbiota
Obesity
Postprandial Period
Rodents
Secretion
Test procedures
Thienamycins - adverse effects
Thienamycins - metabolism
Thienamycins - pharmacology
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Vancomycin
Vancomycin - adverse effects
Vancomycin - metabolism
Vancomycin - pharmacology
Young Adult
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Summary:The gut microbiota has been designated as an active regulator of glucose metabolism and metabolic phenotype in a number of animal and human observational studies. We evaluated the effect of removing as many bacteria as possible by antibiotics on postprandial physiology in healthy humans. Meal tests with measurements of postprandial glucose tolerance and postprandial release of insulin and gut hormones were performed before, immediately after and 6 weeks after a 4-day, broad-spectrum, per oral antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin 500 mg, gentamycin 40 mg and meropenem 500 mg once-daily) in a group of 12 lean and glucose tolerant males. Faecal samples were collected for culture-based assessment of changes in gut microbiota composition. Acute and dramatic reductions in the abundance of a representative set of gut bacteria was seen immediately following the antibiotic course, but no changes in postprandial glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or plasma lipid concentrations were found. Apart from an acute and reversible increase in peptide YY secretion, no changes were observed in postprandial gut hormone release. As evaluated by selective cultivation of gut bacteria, a broad-spectrum 4-day antibiotics course with vancomycin, gentamycin and meropenem induced shifts in gut microbiota composition that had no clinically relevant short or long-term effects on metabolic variables in healthy glucose-tolerant males. clinicaltrials.gov NCT01633762.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0142352