Maternal Supplementation with Oligofructose (10%) during Pregnancy and Lactation Leads to Increased Pro-Inflammatory Status of the 21-D-Old Offspring

Previously, we showed that oligofructose (10%) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased endotoxemia in 21-d-old pups. The present study evaluated the effect of 10% oligofructose diet supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in the presence or absence of hydrogenated vegetable f...

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Published in:PloS one 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0132038-e0132038
Main Authors: Mennitti, Laís Vales, Oyama, Lila Missae, de Oliveira, Juliana Lopez, Hachul, Ana Claudia Losinskas, Santamarina, Aline Boveto, de Santana, Aline Alves, Okuda, Marcos Hiromu, Ribeiro, Eliane Beraldi, Oller do Nascimento, Claudia Maria da Penha, Pisani, Luciana Pellegrini
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Adiponectin
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue, White - metabolism
Animals
Breastfeeding & lactation
Cardiovascular disease
Cell division
Cytokines
Diet
Dietary supplements
Endotoxemia
Fatty acids
Female
Fetuses
Fructooligosaccharides
Gene expression
Hydrogenation
Inflammation
Inflammation - chemically induced
Inflammation - metabolism
Interleukin
Interleukin 6
Intra-Abdominal Fat - metabolism
Lactation
Liver
Liver - metabolism
Metabolic disorders
Microbiota
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscles
NF-kappa B - metabolism
NF-κB protein
Nutrition research
Offspring
Oligosaccharides - pharmacology
Permeability
Phosphorylation
Polymerase chain reaction
Prebiotics
Pregnancy
Pregnant women
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - blood
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - metabolism
Progeny
Protein expression
Proteins
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Receptors, Adiponectin - genetics
Receptors, Adiponectin - metabolism
Receptors, Interleukin-6 - genetics
Receptors, Interleukin-6 - metabolism
RNA
Rodents
Signal transduction
Studies
TLR4 protein
Toll-like receptors
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Western blotting
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Summary:Previously, we showed that oligofructose (10%) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased endotoxemia in 21-d-old pups. The present study evaluated the effect of 10% oligofructose diet supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in the presence or absence of hydrogenated vegetable fat on the pro-inflammatory status of 21-d-old offspring. On the first day of pregnancy, female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 10% oligofructose (CF), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat (T) or diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat supplemented with 10% oligofructose (TF). Diets were maintained during pregnancy and lactation. Serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was assessed using a specific kit. Protein expression was determined by Western Blotting, and the relative mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). We observed that 10% oligofructose supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased offspring's IL-6R (interleukin-6 receptor) mRNA levels in the liver and RET (retroperitoneal white adipose tissue) and decreased ADIPOR2 (adiponectin receptor 2) and ADIPOR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) gene expression in liver and EDL (extensor digital longus)/ SOL (soleus) muscles of CF group. Additionally, TF group presented with increased serum TNF-α, protein expression of p-NFκBp65 (phosphorylated form of nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit) in liver and IL-6R mRNA levels in RET. These findings were accompanied by decreased levels of ADIPOR1 mRNA in the EDL and SOL muscles of the TF group. In conclusion, supplementing the dam's diet with 10% of oligofructose during pregnancy and lactation, independent of hydrogenated vegetable fat addition, contributes to the increased pro-inflammatory status of 21-d-old offspring, possibly through the activation of the TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) pathway.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0132038