A model of metabolic syndrome and related diseases with intestinal endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and high sucrose diet

We sought develop and characterize a diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome and its related diseases. The experimental animals (Spague-Dawley rats) were randomly divided into two groups, and each group was fed a different feed for 48 weeks as follows: 1) standard control diet (SC), and 2) a high s...

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Published in:	PloS one 2014-12, Vol.9 (12), p.e115148-e115148
Main Authors:	Zhou, Xin, Han, Dewu, Xu, Ruiling, Li, Suhong, Wu, Huiwen, Qu, Chongxiao, Wang, Feng, Wang, Xiangyu, Zhao, Yuanchang
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adipocytes Adipose tissue Adipose Tissue - drug effects Adipose Tissue - pathology Adipose tissues Animal tissues Animals Apoptosis Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Carbohydrates Chronic illnesses Cirrhosis Degeneration Dextrose Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology Diet Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects Disaccharides Disease Models, Animal Diseases Dyslipidemia Endotoxemia Endotoxemia - chemically induced Endotoxemia - pathology Fatty liver Fibrosis Glucose Glucose tolerance Hepatocytes High fat diet Humans Hyperglycemia Hypertrophy Infiltration Inflammation Insulin Insulin resistance Interleukin 6 Intestine, Small - drug effects Intestine, Small - pathology Intolerance Islets of Langerhans Lipopolysaccharides Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - pathology Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Macrophages Medical research Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - chemically induced Metabolic Syndrome - pathology Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - chemically induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology Nutrition research Obesity Pancreas Pancreas - drug effects Pancreas - pathology Pathogenesis Permeability Rats Rodents Science Small intestine Sucrose Sucrose - administration & dosage Sucrose - adverse effects Sugar Sugars
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Summary:	We sought develop and characterize a diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome and its related diseases. The experimental animals (Spague-Dawley rats) were randomly divided into two groups, and each group was fed a different feed for 48 weeks as follows: 1) standard control diet (SC), and 2) a high sucrose and high fat diet (HSHF). The blood, small intestine, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues were sampled for analysis and characterization. Typical metabolic syndrome (MS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type II diabetes (T2DM) were common in the HSHF group after a 48 week feeding period. The rats fed HSHF exhibited signs of obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance (IR). At the same time, these animals had significantly increased levels of circulating LPS, TNFα, and IL-6 and increased ALP in their intestinal tissue homogenates. These animals also showed a significant reduction in the expression of occluding protein. The HSHF rats showed fatty degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and lipid accumulation when their liver pathologies were examined. The HSHF rats also displayed increased islet diameters from 12 to 24 weeks, while reduced islet diameters occurred from 36 to 48 weeks with inflammatory cell infiltration and islet fat deposition. The morphometry of adipocytes in HSHF rats showed hypertrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration. HSHF CD68 analysis showed macrophage infiltration and significant increases in fat and pancreas size. HSHF Tunel analysis showed significant increases in liver and pancreas cell apoptosis. This work demonstrated the following: 1) a characteristic rat model of metabolic syndrome (MS) can be induced by a high sucrose and high fat diet, 2) this model can be used to research metabolic syndrome and its related diseases, such as NAFLD and T2DM, and 3) intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS and related diseases, such as NAFLD and T2DM.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203