Effects of step-wise increases in dietary carbohydrate on circulating saturated Fatty acids and palmitoleic Acid in adults with metabolic syndrome

Recent meta-analyses have found no association between heart disease and dietary saturated fat; however, higher proportions of plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) predict greater risk for developing type-2 diabetes and heart disease. These observations suggest a disconnect between dietary saturated f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-11, Vol.9 (11), p.e113605-e113605
Main Authors: Volk, Brittanie M, Kunces, Laura J, Freidenreich, Daniel J, Kupchak, Brian R, Saenz, Catherine, Artistizabal, Juan C, Fernandez, Maria Luz, Bruno, Richard S, Maresh, Carl M, Kraemer, William J, Phinney, Stephen D, Volek, Jeff S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
Aged
Analysis
Bioindicators
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomarkers
Body mass
Carbohydrates
Cardiovascular disease
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes mellitus
Diet
Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage
Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids - administration & dosage
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - blood
Female
Health risks
Heart
Heart diseases
Humans
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Kinesiology
Lipids
Low carbohydrate diet
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - blood
Middle Aged
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Palmitoleic acid
Plasma
Risk Factors
Saturated fatty acids
Studies
Triglycerides
Women
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Summary:Recent meta-analyses have found no association between heart disease and dietary saturated fat; however, higher proportions of plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) predict greater risk for developing type-2 diabetes and heart disease. These observations suggest a disconnect between dietary saturated fat and plasma SFA, but few controlled feeding studies have specifically examined how varying saturated fat intake across a broad range affects circulating SFA levels. Sixteen adults with metabolic syndrome (age 44.9±9.9 yr, BMI 37.9±6.3 kg/m2) were fed six 3-wk diets that progressively increased carbohydrate (from 47 to 346 g/day) with concomitant decreases in total and saturated fat. Despite a distinct increase in saturated fat intake from baseline to the low-carbohydrate diet (46 to 84 g/day), and then a gradual decrease in saturated fat to 32 g/day at the highest carbohydrate phase, there were no significant changes in the proportion of total SFA in any plasma lipid fractions. Whereas plasma saturated fat remained relatively stable, the proportion of palmitoleic acid in plasma triglyceride and cholesteryl ester was significantly and uniformly reduced as carbohydrate intake decreased, and then gradually increased as dietary carbohydrate was re-introduced. The results show that dietary and plasma saturated fat are not related, and that increasing dietary carbohydrate across a range of intakes promotes incremental increases in plasma palmitoleic acid, a biomarker consistently associated with adverse health outcomes.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0113605