The application of new molecular methods in the investigation of a waterborne outbreak of norovirus in Denmark, 2012

In December 2012, an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred in a geographical distinct area in Denmark covering 368 households. A combined microbiological, epidemiological and environmental investigation was initiated to understand the outbreak magnitude, pathogen(s) and vehicle in orde...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e105053
Main Authors: van Alphen, Lieke B, Dorléans, Frédérique, Schultz, Anna Charlotte, Fonager, Jannik, Ethelberg, Steen, Dalgaard, Camilla, Adelhardt, Marianne, Engberg, Jørgen H, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, Lassen, Sofie Gillesberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Automotive parts
Bacteria
Biology and Life Sciences
Caliciviridae Infections - epidemiology
Caliciviridae Infections - virology
Capsid Proteins - chemistry
Capsid Proteins - genetics
Cohort Studies
Contamination
Denmark - epidemiology
Diarrhea
Disease Outbreaks
Disease prevention
Drinking water
Drinking Water - virology
Environmental Monitoring
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Food contamination & poisoning
Gastrointestinal diseases
Genome, Viral
Genotype & phenotype
Households
Indicator organisms
Infectious diseases
Laboratories
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microbiology
Norovirus - genetics
Norovirus - isolation & purification
Outbreaks
Phylogeny
Public health
Renovation
Sewage
Studies
Virology
Viruses
Vomiting
Water analysis
Water conveyance
Water pollution
Water Purification
Water sampling
Water shortages
Water Supply
Waterborne diseases
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Summary:In December 2012, an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred in a geographical distinct area in Denmark covering 368 households. A combined microbiological, epidemiological and environmental investigation was initiated to understand the outbreak magnitude, pathogen(s) and vehicle in order to control the outbreak. Norovirus GII.4 New Orleans 2009 variant was detected in 15 of 17 individual stool samples from 14 households. Norovirus genomic material from water samples was detected and quantified and sequencing of longer parts of the viral capsid region (>1000 nt) were applied to patient and water samples. All five purposely selected water samples tested positive for norovirus GII in levels up to 1.8×10(4) genomic units per 200 ml. Identical norovirus sequences were found in all 5 sequenced stool samples and 1 sequenced water sample, a second sequenced water sample showed 1 nt (
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0105053