Coronary flow reserve in pregnant rats with increased left ventricular afterload

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is used as a measure of coronary endothelial function. We investigated the effect of increased afterload on CFR of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Afterload increase in Wister rats (both pregnant and non-pregnant) was achieved by the infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-07, Vol.9 (7), p.e102147-e102147
Main Authors: Songstad, Nils Thomas, Serrano, Maria C, Sitras, Vasilis, Johansen, David, Johansen, Davis, Ytrehus, Kirsti, Acharya, Ganesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine
Anesthesia
Angiotensin
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II - administration & dosage
Angiotensins
Animal experimentation
Animals
Aorta
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects
Blood Flow Velocity - physiology
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
Clinical medical disciplines: 750
Clinical medicine
Congenital diseases
Coronary artery
Coronary vessels
Coronary Vessels - drug effects
Coronary Vessels - physiology
Doppler effect
Echocardiography
Echocardiography, Doppler - methods
Endothelium
Female
Flow velocity
Gene expression
Gestation
Gynecology
Gynecology and obstetrics: 756
Gynekologi og obstetrikk: 756
Health sciences
Heart
Hospitals
Hyperemia
Image resolution
Imaging systems
Inhalation
Isoflurane
Klinisk medisinske fag: 750
Mathematical analysis
Medical disciplines: 700
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medisinske Fag: 700
Obstetrics
Pediatrics
Pregnancy
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Respiration
Rodents
Sodium chloride
Studies
Surgery
Ultrasound
Ultrasound imaging
Vasoconstrictor Agents - administration & dosage
VDP
Veins & arteries
Ventricle
Ventricular Function, Left - drug effects
Waveforms
Womens health
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Summary:Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is used as a measure of coronary endothelial function. We investigated the effect of increased afterload on CFR of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Afterload increase in Wister rats (both pregnant and non-pregnant) was achieved by the infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) for ∼10 days or by subjecting them to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for ∼14 days. Control groups were infused with 0.9% NaCl or had sham surgery, respectively. In pregnant rats, the experiments were performed close to term gestation. Doppler velocity waveforms of the left main coronary artery were recorded using a high resolution ultrasound imaging system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics, Canada) at baseline while the animals were anesthetized with 1.5% inhaled isoflurane, and during maximal coronary dilatation obtained by the inhalation of 3.5% of isoflurane. CFR was calculated as the ratio between the peak coronary flow velocities (CFRpeak) and the velocity-time integrals (CFRVTI) recorded at hyperemia and at baseline. CFR could be calculated in 60 of 75 (80%) animals. There were no differences in CFR between intervention and control groups irrespective of whether afterload was increased by Ang II or TAC. In the TAC-study CFRpeak (1.54±0.07 vs 1.85±0.17; p = 0.03) was decreased in pregnant compared to non-pregnant shams. When sham animals from both studies were pooled together both CFRpeak (1.42±0.07 vs 1.86±0.16; p = 0.005) as well as CFRVTI (1.45±0.07 vs 1.78±0.12; p = 0.03) were significantly lower in pregnant rats compared to non-pregnant. CFR can be measured non-invasively in rats using Doppler echocardiography and high concentrations of inhaled isoflurane as a coronary vasodilator. In pregnant rats, CFR is reduced close to term. CFR is not affected by increased left ventricular afterload caused by chronic Ang II infusion or TAC.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0102147