Effects of 1-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence. An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Me...

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Published in:PloS one 2014-03, Vol.9 (3), p.e85202-e85202
Main Authors: Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi, Sala-Vila, Aleix, Chisaguano, Maribel, Castellote, Ana I, Estruch, Ramón, Covas, María Isabel, Fitó, Montserrat, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Martínez-González, Miguel A, Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa, Ros, Emilio, López-Sabater, M Carmen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Aged
Biochemical markers
Bioindicators
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomarkers
Biomedical research
Body weight gain
Breast cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - complications
Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy
Confidence Intervals
Cuina mediterrània
Diabetes
Diet
Diet, Mediterranean
Dieta
Dried fruit
Endocrinology
Epidemiology
Fats
Fatty acid composition
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty acids in human nutrition
Female
Food
Food science
Food supply
Fruita seca
Health care
Health risks
Hospitals
Humans
Insulin
Intervention
Lipids
Malalties cardiovasculars
Male
Marcadors bioquímics
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mediterranean cooking
Mediterranean diet
Mens health
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - blood
Metabolic Syndrome - complications
Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy
Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology
Nutrition research
Nuts
Obesity
Odds Ratio
Oils & fats
Oli d'oliva
Olive oil
Pharmacy
Plasma
Prevalence
Preventive medicine
Public concern
Public health
Research and Analysis Methods
Reversion
Risk Factors
Saturated fatty acids
Spain - epidemiology
Studies
Type 2 diabetes
Weight control
Àcids grassos en la nutrició
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Summary:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence. An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as assessed by the biomarkers of food supplied, on the plasma fatty acid composition and its relation with MetS after 1 year of intervention. A total of 424 subjects were randomly selected from the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial after completing a 1-year intervention program. Participants aged 55 to 80 years and at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to three dietary interventions: Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts, or a low-fat diet. After 1 year of intervention participants in the virgin olive oil group showed significantly increased plasma concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids, but reduced proportions of margaric, stearic, and linoleic acids. In turn, subjects in the nut group showed significantly increased levels of palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, but reduced proportions of myristic, margaric, palmitoleic, and dihommo-γ-linoleic acids. Increases in the biomarkers of foods supplied to the Mediterranean diet groups, i.e., oleic and α-linolenic acids, were beneficially associated with the incidence, reversion and prevalence of MetS. No weight changes were observed among participants. The nut and olive oil diets induced a fatty acid composition that has been shown to be beneficial in the face of MetS. Therefore, a Mediterranean diet rich in fats of vegetable origin may be a useful tool for the management of MetS without the need for concerns over weight gain due to its high fat content. Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN35739639.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0085202