Nanomechanics of the endothelial glycocalyx in experimental sepsis

The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a carbohydrate-rich layer lining the luminal side of the endothelium, regulates vascular adhesiveness and permeability. Although central to the pathophysiology of vascular barrier dysfunction in sepsis, glycocalyx damage has been generally understudied, in part beca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-11, Vol.8 (11), p.e80905
Main Authors: Wiesinger, Anne, Peters, Wladimir, Chappell, Daniel, Kentrup, Dominik, Reuter, Stefan, Pavenstädt, Hermann, Oberleithner, Hans, Kümpers, Philipp
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aberration
Analysis
Animals
Aorta
Aorta - pathology
Aorta - ultrastructure
Atherosclerosis
Atomic force microscopy
Carbohydrates
Cell Survival
Coronary vessels
E coli
Endothelial cells
Endothelium
Endothelium - pathology
Endothelium - ultrastructure
Endotoxemia - microbiology
Endotoxemia - pathology
Glycocalyx - chemistry
Humans
Infection
Inflammation
Internal medicine
Laboratories
Lipopolysaccharides
Male
Mechanical properties
Medicine
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microscopy
Microscopy, Atomic Force
Microvasculature
Mortality
Nanoindentation
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nanoparticles - ultrastructure
Nephrology
Neutrophils
Penicillin
Permeability
Physiology
Refurbishment
Rheumatology
Rodents
Sepsis
Sepsis - pathology
Solvents
Stiffness
Studies
Thrombin
Time Factors
Trauma
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Summary:The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a carbohydrate-rich layer lining the luminal side of the endothelium, regulates vascular adhesiveness and permeability. Although central to the pathophysiology of vascular barrier dysfunction in sepsis, glycocalyx damage has been generally understudied, in part because of the aberrancy of in vitro preparations and its degradation during tissue handling. The aim of this study was to analyze inflammation-induced damage of the eGC on living endothelial cells by atomic-force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation technique. AFM revealed the existence of a mature eGC on the luminal endothelial surface of freshly isolated rodent aorta preparations ex vivo, as well as on cultured human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) in vitro. AFM detected a marked reduction in glycocalyx thickness (266 ± 12 vs. 137 ± 17 nm, P
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0080905