Adiponectin and leptin trajectories in Mexican-American children from birth to 9 years of age

To address molecular mechanisms underlying obesity development, we examined patterns of critical metabolism-related hormones, adiponectin and leptin (adipokines), over childhood. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were measured in 80 Mexican-American children at birth and again at 2, 5, and 9 years from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-10, Vol.8 (10), p.e77964
Main Authors: Volberg, Vitaly, Heggeseth, Brianna, Harley, Kim, Huen, Karen, Yousefi, Paul, Davé, Veronica, Tyler, Kristin, Vedar, Michelle, Eskenazi, Brenda, Holland, Nina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiponectin
Adiponectin - blood
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Beverages
Birth weight
Body composition
Body mass
Body Mass Index
Body size
Child
Child, Preschool
Childbirth & labor
Children
Children & youth
Diabetes
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hispanic Americans
Hormones
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Insulin resistance
Leptin
Leptin - blood
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Metabolism
Mexican Americans - statistics & numerical data
Middle Aged
Modelling
Molecular modelling
Mothers
Obesity
Obesity - blood
Pediatrics
Pregnancy
Prospective Studies
Puberty
Public health
Sugar
Surveys and Questionnaires
Trajectories
Womens health
Young Adult
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Summary:To address molecular mechanisms underlying obesity development, we examined patterns of critical metabolism-related hormones, adiponectin and leptin (adipokines), over childhood. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were measured in 80 Mexican-American children at birth and again at 2, 5, and 9 years from the ongoing prospective cohort followed by the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). We used a mixture modeling approach to identify patterns in adipokine trajectories from birth to 9 years. Leptin was positively related to child body size within all ages, however adiponectin had inverse and weaker associations with BMI at 2, 5, and 9 years. Correlations between adipokine levels over the 0-2, 2-5, and 5-9-year periods increased for both leptin (r = 0.06, 0.31 and 0.62) and adiponectin (r = 0.25, 0.41 and 0.46). Our mixture modeling approach identified three trajectory clusters for both leptin (1L [slowly-rising], 2L [rapidly-rising], and 3L [stable]) and adiponectin (1A [steep-dropping and rebounding], 2A [moderately-dropping], and 3A [stable]). While leptin groups were most separated over the 2-9-year period, adiponectin trajectories displayed greatest heterogeneity from birth to 2 years. Children in the rapidly-rising 2L group had highest BMI and waist circumference at 9 years. Further, children with greater birth weight had increased odds of belonging to this high risk group (OR = 1.21 95% CI 1.03, 1.43, compared to stable group 3L). Children whose mothers consumed more sugar-sweetened beverages during pregnancy were at risk of being in the steep-dropping 1A group (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01, 1.17, compared to stable group 3A). Our results highlight developmental differences in leptin and adiponectin over the childhood period. Leptin closely reflects child body size however factors affecting adiponectin and long-term consequences of its changes over infancy need to be further explored.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0077964