A high force of plasmodium vivax blood-stage infection drives the rapid acquisition of immunity in papua new guinean children

When both parasite species are co-endemic, Plasmodium vivax incidence peaks in younger children compared to P. falciparum. To identify differences in the number of blood stage infections of these species and its potential link to acquisition of immunity, we have estimated the molecular force of bloo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2013-09, Vol.7 (9), p.e2403-e2403
Main Authors: Koepfli, Cristian, Colborn, Kathryn L, Kiniboro, Benson, Lin, Enmoore, Speed, Terence P, Siba, Peter M, Felger, Ingrid, Mueller, Ivo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Age Factors
Animals
Blood
Child, Preschool
Cloning
Confidence intervals
Distribution
Female
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Health aspects
Humans
Immune response
Incidence
Infant
Malaria
Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology
Malaria, Vivax - immunology
Malaria, Vivax - parasitology
Male
Medicine
New Guinea - epidemiology
Parasitemia - epidemiology
Parasitemia - immunology
Parasitemia - parasitology
Parasites
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium vivax - immunology
Risk factors
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Summary:When both parasite species are co-endemic, Plasmodium vivax incidence peaks in younger children compared to P. falciparum. To identify differences in the number of blood stage infections of these species and its potential link to acquisition of immunity, we have estimated the molecular force of blood-stage infection of P. vivax ((mol)FOB, i.e. the number of genetically distinct blood-stage infections over time), and compared it to previously reported values for P. falciparum. P. vivax (mol)FOB was estimated by high resolution genotyping parasites in samples collected over 16 months in a cohort of 264 Papua New Guinean children living in an area highly endemic for P. falciparum and P. vivax. In this cohort, P. vivax episodes decreased three-fold over the age range of 1-4.5 years. On average, children acquired 14.0 new P. vivax blood-stage clones/child/year-at-risk. While the incidence of clinical P. vivax illness was strongly associated with mol FOB (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI95) [1.80, 2.19]), (mol)FOB did not change with age. The incidence of P. vivax showed a faster decrease with age in children with high (IRR = 0.49, CI95 [0.38, 0.64] p
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002403