Intestinal microbiota in healthy U.S. young children and adults--a high throughput microarray analysis

It is generally believed that the infant's microbiota is established during the first 1-2 years of life. However, there is scarce data on its characterization and its comparison to the adult-like microbiota in consecutive years. To characterize and compare the intestinal microbiota in healthy y...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-05, Vol.8 (5), p.e64315-e64315
Main Authors: Ringel-Kulka, Tamar, Cheng, Jing, Ringel, Yehuda, Salojärvi, Jarkko, Carroll, Ian, Palva, Airi, de Vos, Willem M, Satokari, Reetta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abundance
Actinobacteria - genetics
Adult
Adults
Age
allergic disease
antibiotic use
Antibiotics
Babies
Bacilli
Bacteria
Bacteroidetes - genetics
Bifidobacterium - genetics
Biology
Body mass index
Bowel disease
Child care
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Clostridium - genetics
Clusters
Comparative analysis
diarrhea
DNA microarrays
Epidemiology
fecal microbiota
Feces - microbiology
Female
Gastroenterology
Genes, Bacterial
gut microbiota
Health
Health care
Health promotion
Hepatology
human gastrointestinal-tract
Humans
increased risk
Infant
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Intestines - microbiology
irritable-bowel-syndrome
Male
Maternal & child health
Medicine
Microbiology
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microbiota - genetics
Middle Aged
Molecular Typing
Multiculturalism & pluralism
Nutrition research
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Principal Component Analysis
Probiotics
real-time pcr
reduced diversity
RNA
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
rRNA 16S
Young Adult
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Summary:It is generally believed that the infant's microbiota is established during the first 1-2 years of life. However, there is scarce data on its characterization and its comparison to the adult-like microbiota in consecutive years. To characterize and compare the intestinal microbiota in healthy young children (1-4 years) and healthy adults from the North Carolina region in the U.S. using high-throughput bacterial phylogenetic microarray analysis. Detailed characterization and comparison of the intestinal microbiota of healthy children aged 1-4 years old (n = 28) and healthy adults of 21-60 years (n = 23) was carried out using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip (HITChip) phylogenetic microarray targeting the V1 and V6 regions of 16S rRNA and quantitative PCR. The HITChip microarray data indicate that Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridium cluster IV and Bacteroidetes are the predominant phylum-like groups that exhibit differences between young children and adults. The phylum-like group Clostridium cluster XIVa was equally predominant in young children and adults and is thus considered to be established at an early age. The genus-like level show significant 3.6 fold (higher or lower) differences in the abundance of 26 genera between young children and adults. Young U.S. children have a significantly 3.5-fold higher abundance of Bifidobacterium species than the adults from the same location. However, the microbiota of young children is less diverse than that of adults. We show that the establishment of an adult-like intestinal microbiota occurs at a later age than previously reported. Characterizing the microbiota and its development in the early years of life may help identify 'windows of opportunity' for interventional strategies that may promote health and prevent or mitigate disease processes.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0064315