Early neurodevelopment and self-reported adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety in a National Canadian Cohort Study

Little is known about the mental health outcomes of young children who experience developmental delay. The objective of this study was to assess whether delay in attaining developmental milestones was related to depressive and anxious symptoms in adolescence. The sample included 3508 Canadian childr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-02, Vol.8 (2), p.e56804-e56804
Main Authors: North, C Rebecca, Wild, T Cam, Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie, Colman, Ian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adolescents
Age
Analysis
Anxiety
Anxiety - epidemiology
Anxiety - etiology
Behavior
Biology
Canada - epidemiology
Canadians
Child
Child development
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Cognitive development
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Delay
Depression - epidemiology
Depression - etiology
Developmental Disabilities - complications
Follow-Up Studies
Health aspects
Humans
Medicine
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental health
Psychological aspects
Public health
Self Report
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social change
Speech
Stress
Studies
Teenagers
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Summary:Little is known about the mental health outcomes of young children who experience developmental delay. The objective of this study was to assess whether delay in attaining developmental milestones was related to depressive and anxious symptoms in adolescence. The sample included 3508 Canadian children who participated in a nationally representative prospective cohort study. The person most knowledgeable about the child reported on attainment of developmental milestones spanning several developmental domains at ages 2-3. The children were followed into adolescence and self-reported depressive and anxious symptoms were used from adolescents ages 12-13. An overall assessment of developmental milestones as well as a supplementary analysis of specific categories of developmental milestones was conducted. Cohort members who displayed delayed developmental milestones in early childhood were more likely to experience higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms as adolescents. However, there was no interaction between delayed developmental milestones and stressful life events. In the supplementary analysis, two developmental domains (self-care and speech/communication) were associated with higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms in adolescence. Delay in attainment of early developmental milestones is significantly associated with adolescent depressive and anxious symptoms.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0056804