Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea

Diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often accompanied by diarrhea with profound alterations in the GI microbiota termed dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is due to the disease itself or to the accompanying diarrhea remains elusive. With this study we characterized the net effects of osm...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-02, Vol.8 (2), p.e55817
Main Authors: Gorkiewicz, Gregor, Thallinger, Gerhard G, Trajanoski, Slave, Lackner, Stefan, Stocker, Gernot, Hinterleitner, Thomas, Gülly, Christian, Högenauer, Christoph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
Antibiotics
Bioinformatics
Biology
Colon - microbiology
Communities
Community structure
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diarrhea
Diarrhea - chemically induced
Diarrhea - microbiology
Diseases
DNA
Dysbacteriosis
E coli
Endoscopy
Escherichia coli
Feces - microbiology
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal tract
Genomics
Hepatology
Humans
Inflammatory bowel disease
Internal medicine
Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome
Male
Medical research
Medicine
Metagenome - genetics
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microorganisms
Middle Aged
Mucosa
Oral administration
Osmosis - drug effects
Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene Glycols - adverse effects
Polyols
Pseudomonas putida
rRNA 16S
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often accompanied by diarrhea with profound alterations in the GI microbiota termed dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is due to the disease itself or to the accompanying diarrhea remains elusive. With this study we characterized the net effects of osmotic diarrhea on the composition of the GI microbiota in the absence of disease. We induced osmotic diarrhea in four healthy adults by oral administration of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG). Stool as well as mucosa specimens were collected before, during and after diarrhea and 16S rDNA-based microbial community profiling was used to assess the microbial community structure. Stool and mucosal microbiotas were strikingly different, with Firmicutes dominating the mucosa and Bacteroidetes the stools. Osmotic diarrhea decreased phylotype richness and showed a strong tendency to equalize the otherwise individualized microbiotas on the mucosa. Moreover, diarrhea led to significant relative shifts in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and to a relative increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria on the mucosa, a phenomenon also noted in several inflammatory and diarrheal GI diseases. Changes in microbial community structure induced by osmotic diarrhea are profound and show similarities to changes observed in other GI diseases including IBD. These effects so must be considered when specimens from diarrheal diseases (i.e. obtained by stratification of samples according to diarrheal status) or conditions wherein bowel preparations like PEG (i.e. specimens obtained during endoscopy) are used.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0055817